⚡ Comparing Washington Irving And Rip Van Winkle

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Rip Van Winkle audiobook - short story by Washington Irving - Learn English Through Story

Another virtue of a scout is that of courtesy. He ought to show that he is a true gentleman by doing little things for others. Loyalty is also a scout virtue. A scout ought to be loyal to all to whom he has obligations. He ought to stand up courageously for the truth, for his parents and friends. Another scout virtue is self-respect. He ought to refuse to accept gratuities from anyone, unless absolutely necessary. He ought to work for the money he gets. For this same reason he should never look down upon anyone who may be poorer than himself, or envy anyone richer than himself. A scout's self-respect will cause him to value his own standing and make him sympathetic toward others who may be, on the one hand, worse off, or, on the other hand, better off as far as wealth is concerned.

Scouts know neither a lower nor a higher class, for a scout is one who is a comrade to all and who is ready to share that which he has with others. The most important scout virtue is that of honor. Indeed, this is the basis of all scout virtues and is closely allied to that of self-respect. When a scout promises to do a thing on his honor, he is bound to do it. The honor of a scout will not permit of anything but the highest and the best and the manliest. The honor of a scout is a sacred thing, and cannot be lightly set aside or trampled on. Faithfulness to duty is another one of the scout virtues. When it is a scout's duty to do something, he dare not shirk. A scout is faithful to his own interest and the interests of others.

He is true to his country and his God. Another scout virtue is cheerfulness. As the scout law intimates, he must never go about with a sulky air. He must always be bright and smiling, and as the humorist says, "Must always see the doughnut and not the hole. It is the scout's duty to be a sunshine-maker in the world. Another scout virtue is that of thoughtfulness, especially to animals; not merely the thoughtfulness that eases a horse from the pain of a badly fitting harness or gives food and drink to an animal that is in need, but also that which keeps a boy from throwing a stone at a cat or tying a tin can on a dog's tail.

If a boy scout does not prove his thoughtfulness and friendship for animals, it is quite certain that he never will be really helpful to his comrades or to the men, women, and children who may need his care. And then the final and chief test of the scout is the doing of a good turn to somebody every day, quietly and without boasting. This is the proof of the scout. It is practical religion, and a boy honors God best when he helps others most. A boy may wear all the scout uniforms made, all the scout badges ever manufactured, know all the woodcraft, campcraft, scoutcraft and other activities of boy scouts, and yet never be a real boy scout.

To be a real boy scout means the doing of a good turn every day with the proper motive and if this be done, the boy has a right to be classed with the great scouts that have been of such service to their country. To accomplish this a scout should observe the scout law. Braucher, Chairman. Lorillard Spencer. Mortimer Schiff, Dr. Ehler, C. Connolly, E. DeGroot, Lee F. To do good scouting a boy must understand the organization of which he is a part. This National Council is made up of leading men of the country and it is their desire that every American boy shall have the opportunity of becoming a good scout.

The National Council holds one meeting annually at which it elects the officers and the members of the Executive Board. It copyrights badges and other scout designs, arranges for their manufacture and distribution, selects designs for uniforms and scout equipment, issues scout commissioners' and scout masters' certificates, and grants charters for local councils. A local council through its officers--president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and scout commissioner, its executive committee, court of honor, and other committees--deals with all local matters that relate to scouting.

The scout commissioner is the ranking scout master of the local council and presides at all scout masters' meetings as well as at all scout field meets. It is also the duty of the scout commissioner to report to and advise with the Chief Scout through the Executive Secretary concerning the scouts in his district. The scout commissioner's certificate is issued from National Headquarters upon the recommendation of a local council after this council has been granted a charter. The scout master is the adult leader of a troop, and must be at least twenty-one years of age. He should have a deep interest in boys, be genuine in his own life, have the ability to lead, and command the boys' respect and obedience. He need not be an expert at scoutcraft; a good scout master will discover experts for the various activities.

His certificate is granted upon the recommendation of the local council. An assistant scout master should be eighteen years of age or over. His certificate is granted by the National Council upon the recommendation of the scout master of his troop and the local council. The easiest way to become a boy scout is to join a patrol that has already been started. If there is no patrol near you, get some man interested enough to start one by giving him all the information. A patrol consists of eight boys, one of whom becomes the patrol leader and another the assistant patrol leader. A troop consists of three or more patrols, and the leader of the troop is called a scout master.

There can be no patrols or troops of boy scouts without this scout master. The motto of the boy scouts is Be Prepared, and the badge of the boy scouts is a copyrighted design with this motto, "Be Prepared," on a scroll at its base. The motto, "Be Prepared," means that the scout is always in a state of readiness in mind and body to do his duty. To be prepared in mind, by having disciplined himself to be obedient, and also by having thought out beforehand any accident or situation that may occur, so that he may know the right thing to do at the right moment, and be willing to do it.

To be prepared in body, by making himself strong and active and able to do the right thing at the right moment, and then to do it. The scout badge is not intended to represent the fleur-de-lis, or an arrowhead. It is a modified form of the sign of the north on the mariner's compass, which is as old as the history of navigation. The Chinese claim its use among them as early as B. Marco Polo brought the compass to Europe on his return from Cathay. The sign of the north on the compass gradually came to represent the north, and pioneers, trappers, woodsmen, and scouts, because of this, adopted it as their emblem. Through centuries of use it has undergone modification until it has now assumed the shape of our badge. This trefoil badge of the scouts is now used, with slight local variations, in almost every civilized country as the mark of brotherhood, for good citizenship, and friendliness.

Its scroll is turned up at the ends like a scout's mouth, because he does his duty with a smile and willingly. The arrowhead part is worn by the tenderfoot. The scroll part only is worn by the second-class scout. The badge worn by the first-class scout is the whole badge. The official badges of the Boy Scouts of America are issued by the National Council and may be secured only from the National Headquarters. These badges are protected by the U. Patent Laws letters of patent numbers and and anyone infringing these patents is liable to prosecution at law. In order to protect the Boy Scout Movement and those who have qualified to receive badges designating the various degrees in scoutcraft, it is desired that all interested cooperate with the National Headquarters in safeguarding the sale and distribution of these badges.

This may be done by observing the following rules:. Badges should not be ordered until after boys have actually complied with the requirements prescribed by the National Council and are entitled to receive them. All orders for badges should be sent in by the scout master with a certificate from the local council that these requirements have been complied with. Blanks for this purpose may be secured on application to the National Headquarters.

Where no local council has been formed, application for badges should be sent direct to Headquarters, signed by the registered scout master of the troop, giving his official number. Scout commissioners', scout masters', and assistant scout masters' badges can be issued only to those who are registered as such at National Headquarters. Patrol Leader's Tenderfoot Badge- -Oxidized silver finish. These badges are seven eighths of an inch wide and are made either for the button-hole or with safety-pin clasp. Price 5 cents. These badges are woven in blue, green, and red silk, and are to be worn on the sleeve of coat or shirt. Price 25 cents. Buttons --The official buttons worn on the scout uniforms sell for 10 cents per set for shirt and 15 cents per set for coat.

Boy Scout Certificates --A handsome certificate in two colors, 6 x 8 inches, has been prepared for boy scouts who wish to have a record of their enrolment. The certificate has the Scout Oath and Law and the official Seal upon it, with place for the signature of the scout master. The price is 5 cents. When ordering supplies send exact remittance with order, If check is used add New York exchange. Make checks and money orders payable to Boy Scouts of America. All orders received without the proper remittance will be shipped C. The Scout Oath. To do my duty to God and my country, and to obey the scout law;. To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight.

When taking this oath the scout will stand, holding up his right hand, palm to the front, thumb resting on the nail of the little finger and the other three fingers upright and together. The Scout Sign. This is the scout sign. The three fingers held up remind him of his three promises in the scout oath. When the three fingers thus held are raised to the forehead, it is the scout salute.

The scout always salutes an officer. Jenks, Chairman. Frankel, George D. Porter, E. Robinson, G. Hinckley, B. Johnson, Clark W. Hetherington, Arthur A. There have always been certain written and unwritten laws regulating the conduct and directing the activities of men. In Japan, the Japanese have their Bushido or laws of the old Samurai warriors. In aboriginal America, the Red Indians had their laws of honor: likewise the Zulus, Hindus, and the later European nations have their ancient codes. The following laws which relate to the Boy Scouts of America, are the latest and most up to date. These laws a boy promises to obey when he takes his scout oath. A scout's honor is to be trusted.

If he were to violate his honor by telling a lie, or by cheating, or by not doing exactly a given task, when trusted on his honor, he may be directed to hand over his scout badge. He is loyal to all to whom loyalty is due: his scout leader, his home, and parents and country. He is reverent toward God. He is faithful in his religious duties and respects the convictions of others in matters of custom and religion. The Three Classes of Scouts. There are three classes of scouts among the Boy Scouts of America, the tenderfoot, second-class scout, and first-class scout.

Before a boy can become a tenderfoot he must qualify for same. A tenderfoot, therefore, is superior to the ordinary boy because of his training. To be a tenderfoot means to occupy the lowest grade in scouting. A tenderfoot on meeting certain requirements may become a second-class scout, and a second-class scout upon meeting another set of requirements may become a first-class scout.

The first-class scout may then qualify for the various merit badges which are offered in another part of this chapter for proficiency in scouting. The requirements of the tenderfoot, second-class scout, and first-class scout, are as follows:. Tenderfoot Tenderfoot. He then takes the scout oath, is enrolled as a tenderfoot, and is entitled to wear the tenderfoot badge. Second-class Scout Second-class Scout. First-class Scout First-class Scout. Send and receive a message by semaphore, or American Morse, or Myer alphabet, sixteen letters per minute. Advanced first aid: Know the methods for panic prevention; what to do in case of fire and ice, electric and gas accidents; how to help in case of runaway horse, mad dog, or snake bite; treatment for dislocations, unconsciousness, poisoning, fainting, apoplexy, sunstroke, heat exhaustion, and freezing; know treatment for sunburn, ivy poisoning, bites and stings, nosebleed, earache, toothache, inflammation or grit in eye, cramp or stomach ache and chills; demonstrate artificial respiration.

Prepare and cook satisfactorily, in the open, without regular kitchen utensils, two of the following articles as may be directed. Eggs, bacon, hunter's stew, fish, fowl, game, pancakes, hoe-cake, biscuit, hardtack or a "twist," baked on a stick; explain to another boy the methods followed. Read a map correctly, and draw, from field notes made on the spot, an intelligible rough sketch map, indicating by their proper marks important buildings, roads, trolley lines, main landmarks, principal elevations, etc. Point out a compass direction without the help of the compass.

Use properly an axe for felling or trimming light timber; or produce an article of carpentry or cabinet-making or metal work made by himself. Explain the method followed. Describe fully from observation ten species of trees or plants, including poison ivy, by their bark, leaves, flowers, fruit, or scent; or six species of wild birds by their plumage, notes, tracks, or habits; or six species of native wild animals by their form, color, call, tracks, or habits; find the North Star, and name and describe at least three constellations of stars.

Furnish satisfactory evidence that he has put into practice in his daily life the principles of the scout oath and law. Each troop of boy scouts is named after the place to which it belongs. For example, it is Troop No. Each patrol of the troop is named after an animal or bird, but may be given another kind of name if there is a valid reason. Positions of Various Badges. Each scout in a patrol has a number, the patrol leader being No. Each scout in a patrol should be able to imitate the call of his patrol animal.

That is, the scouts of the Wolf patrol should be able to imitate a wolf. In this way scouts of the same patrol can communicate with each other when in hiding, or in the dark of night. It is not honorable for a scout to use the call of any other patrol except his own. The patrol leader calls up his patrol at will by sounding his whistle and by giving the call of the patrol. When the scout makes signs anywhere for others to read he also draws the head of his animal. That is to say, if he were out scouting and wanted to show that a certain road should not be followed by others, he would draw the sign, "not to be followed," across it and add the name of his patrol animal, in order to show which patrol discovered that the road was bad, and by adding his own number at the left of the head to show which scout had discovered it.

Fisher, Chairman, Gen. Wingate, Dr. Ward Crampton, Daniel Carter Beard. Connolly, A. Ernest Thompson Seton. The examination for these badges should be given by the Court of Honor of the local council. This examination must not be given any boy who is not qualified as a first-class scout. After the boy has passed the examination, the local council may secure the merit badge for him by presenting the facts to the National Council.

These badges are intended to stimulate the boy's interest in the life about him and are given for general knowledge. The wearing of these badges does not signify that a scout is qualified to make his living by the knowledge gained in securing the award. Scouts winning any of the following badges are entitled to place after their names the insignia of the badges won. For instance, if he has successfully passed the signaling and seamanship tests, he signs his name in this manner Be able to recognize in the forest all important commercial trees in his neighborhood; distinguish the lumber from each and tell for what purpose each is best suited; tell the age of old blazes on trees which mark a boundary or trail; recognize the difference in the forest between good and bad logging, giving reasons why one is good and another bad; tell whether a tree is dying from injury by fire, by insects, by disease or by a combination of these causes; know what tools to use, and how to fight fires in hilly or in flat country.

Collect the seeds of two commercial trees, clean and store them, and know how and when to plant them. Know the effect upon stream-flow of the destruction of forests at head waters; know what are the four great uses of water in streams; what causes the pollution of streams, and how it can best be stopped; and how, in general, water power is developed. Be able to tell, for a given piece of farm land, whether it is best suited for use as farm or forest, and why; point out examples of erosion, and tell how to stop it; give the reasons why a growing crop pointed out to him is successful or why not; and tell what crops should be grown in his neighborhood and why.

Know where the great coal fields are situated and whether the use of coal is increasing, and if so at what rate. Tell what are the great sources of waste of coal, in the mines, and in its use, and how they can be reduced. Know the principal game birds and animals in his neighborhood, the seasons during which they are protected, the methods of protection, and the results. Recognize the track of any two of the following: rabbit, fox, deer, squirrel, wild turkey, ruffed grouse and quail.

Build and finish unassisted one of the following articles: a round, square or octagonal tabouret; round or square den or library table; hall or piano bench; rustic arm chair or swing to be hung with chains; or rustic table. Illustrate the experiment by which the laws of electrical attraction and repulsion are shown. Name three uses of the direct current, and tell how it differs from the alternating current. Have an elementary knowledge of the action of simple battery cells and of the working of electric bells and telephones.

Have a knowledge of the method of resuscitation and rescue of a person insensible from shock. Understand the use of hose; unrolling, joining up, connecting two hydrants, use of nozzle, etc. Understand the use of escapes, ladders, and chutes, and know the location of exits in buildings which he frequents. Know what to do in case of panic, understand the fireman's lift and drag, and how to work in fumes. Understand the use of fire extinguishers; how to rescue animals; how to save property; how to organize a bucket brigade, and how to aid the police in keeping back crowds. Describe symptoms and give treatment for the following: wounds, fractures and sprains, exhaustion, choking, lameness. Be able to identify twenty-five kinds of trees when in leaf, or fifteen kinds of deciduous broad leaf trees in winter, and tell some of the uses of each.

Determine the height, and estimate the amount of timber, approximately, in five trees of different sizes. Dig and care for during the season a piece of ground containing not less than square feet. Have a knowledge of the power of endurance of horses at work and know the local regulations concerning driving. Know two common causes of, and proper remedies for, lameness, and know to whom he should refer cases of cruelty and abuse. Be able to judge as to the weight, height, and age of horses; know three breeds and their general characteristics. Read and translate a passage from a book or newspaper, in French, German, English, Italian, or any language that is not of his own country. Be able to sole and heel a pair of boots, sewed or nailed, and generally repair boots and shoes.

Be able to dress a saddle, repair traces, stirrup leathers, etc. Be able to dive into from seven to ten feet of water and bring from bottom to surface a loose bag of sand weighing five pounds. Be able to swim two hundred yards, one hundred yards on back without using the hands, and one hundred yards any other stroke. Demonstrate a on land--five methods of release; b in the water--two methods of release; c the Schaefer method of resuscitation prone pressure. State the principles underlying the use and construction of the lathe, steam boiler and engine, drill press and planer. Make a small wood or metal model illustrating the principles of either levers, gears, belted pulleys, or block and fall. Qualify as a marksman in accordance with the regulations of the National Rifle Association.

Know, name and describe the fourteen great divisions of the earth's crust according to Geikie. Define watershed, delta, drift, fault, glacier, terrace, stratum, dip; and identify ten different kinds of rock. Write a satisfactory essay of not less than five hundred words on the history of American music. Have a list of one hundred different kinds of birds personally observed on exploration in the field. Have identified beyond question, by appearance or by note, forty-five different kinds of birds in one day. Have made a good clear photograph of some wild bird, the bird image to be over one half inch in length on the negative. Have daily notes on the nesting of a pair of wild birds from the time the first egg is laid until the young have left the nest.

Have attracted at least three kinds of birds, exclusive of the English sparrow, to a "lunch counter" which he has supplied. Have knowledge of how to combine pigments in order to produce paints in shades and tints of color. Present for inspection a panel covered with three coats of paint, which panel must contain a border of molding, the body of the panel to be painted in one color and the molding in another. Know every lane, by-path, and short cut for a distance of at least two miles in every direction around the local scouts' headquarters in the country.

Have a general knowledge of the district within a five mile radius of his local headquarters, so as to be able to guide people at any time, by day or night. Know the general direction and population of the five principal neighboring towns and be able to give strangers correct directions how to reach them. Know in the country in the two mile radius, approximately, the number of horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs owned on the five neighboring farms: or in a town must know in a half-mile radius what livery stables, garages and blacksmiths there are.

Know where the nearest police station, hospital, doctor, fire alarm, fire hydrant, telegraph and telephone offices, and railroad stations are. Know something of the history of the place, its principal public buildings, such as town or city hall, post-office, schools, and churches. State a principle to govern in eating, and state in the order of their importance, five rules to govern the care of his health.

Have a knowledge of the theory and use of lenses, of the construction of cameras, and the action of developers. Take, develop, and print twelve separate subjects: three interiors, three portraits, three landscapes, and three instantaneous "action photos. Make a recognizable photograph of any wild bird larger than a robin, while on its nest; or a wild animal in its native haunts; or a fish in the water.

State what the chief causes of each of the following disease are: tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria. Tell what should be done to a house which has been occupied by a person who has had a contagious disease. NOTE: The requirements for the merit badge for Scholarship had not been decided upon when this book was published. Information about same may be secured upon application to National Headquarters.

Make a drawing and a model from nature, these models to be faithful to the original and of artistic design. Be able to row, pole, scull, and steer a boat; also bring a boat properly alongside and make fast. Understand the general working of steam and hydraulic winches, and have a knowledge of weather wisdom and of tides. Send and receive a message in two of the following systems of signaling: Semaphore, Morse, or Myer, not fewer than twenty-four letters per minute.

Take a series of twenty photographs of wild animals or birds from life, and develop and print them. Make a group of sixty species of wild flowers, ferns, or grasses, dried and mounted in a book and correctly named. Make colored drawings of twenty flowers, ferns, or grasses, or twelve sketches from life of animals or birds, original sketches as well as the finished pictures to be submitted. Map correctly from the country itself the main features of half a mile of road, with yards each side to a scale of two feet to the mile, and afterward draw same map from memory. Be able to measure the height of a tree, telegraph pole, and church steeple, describing method adopted. The life scout badge will be given to all first-class scouts who have qualified for the following five-merit badges: first aid, athletics, life-saving, personal health, and public health.

The star scout badge will be given to the first-class scout who has qualified for ten merit badges. The ten include the list of badges under life scout. Any first-class scout qualifying for twenty-one merit badges will be entitled to wear the highest scout merit badge. This is an eagle's head in silver, and represents the all-round perfect scout. A scout who is awarded any one of the following medals is entitled to wear the same on the left breast:. Bronze medal. Cross in bronze with first-class scout badge superimposed upon it and suspended from a bar by a red ribbon.

This is awarded to a scout who has saved life. Silver Medal. Silver Cross with first-class scout badge superimposed upon it and suspended from bar by blue ribbon. This medal is awarded to a scout who saves life with considerable risk to himself. Gold Medal. Gold Cross with first-class scout badge superimposed upon it and suspended from bar by white ribbon. This medal is the highest possible award for service and heroism.

It may be granted to a scout who has saved life at the greatest possible risk to his own life, and also to anyone who has rendered service of peculiar merit to the Boy Scouts of America. The Honor Medal is a national honor and is awarded only by the National Council. To make application for one of these badges the facts must first be investigated by the Court of Honor of the Local Council and presented by that body to the Court of Honor of the National Council. The Local Court of Honor may at any time invite experts to share in their examinations and recommendations. When the National Court of Honor has passed upon the application, the proper medal will be awarded. The assistant patrol leader wears one bar. Service Stripes: For each year of service as a boy scout, he will be entitled to wear a stripe of white braid around the sleeve above the wrist, three stripes being changed for one red one.

Five years of scouting would be indicated by one red stripe and two white stripes. The star indicates the position for wearing merit badges. Scout Master: The badge of the scout commissioner, scout master, and assistant scout master is the first-class scout's badge reproduced in blue, green, and red, respectively, and are worn on the sleeve below the left shoulder. Chief Scout: The badge of the Chief Scout is the first-class scout badge with a five-pointed star above it embroidered in silver. Chief Scout Surgeon: The badge of the Chief Scout Surgeon is the first-class scout badge with a caduceus above it embroidered in green.

The Chief Scout's staff wear the badge of rank in the same manner as the Chief Scout. Chief Scout Woodsman: The badge of the Chief Scout Woodsman is the first-class scout badge with two crossed axes above it embroidered in green. Chief Scout Stalker: The badge of the Chief Scout Stalker is the first-class scout badge with an oak leaf above it embroidered in blue. Chief Scout of Athletics: The badge of the Chief Scout Director of Athletics is the first-class scout badge with a winged Mercury foot above it embroidered in green.

Chief Scout Director of Chivalry: The badge of the Chief Scout Director of Chivalry is the first-class scout badge with the scout sign above it embroidered in gold. Appropriate badges for national and local councilmen may be secured from the National Headquarters. It should be clearly understood by all interested in the Scout Movement that it is not necessary for a boy to have a uniform or any other special equipment to carry out the scout program.

There are a great many troops in the country which have made successful progresswithout any equipment whatever. However, for the convenience of boys who wish to secure a uniform or other equipment, the National Council has made arrangements with certain manufacturers to furnish such parts of the equipment as may be desired by the boys. Such arrangements have been made with these manufacturers only after a great number of representative firms have been given an opportunity to submit samples and prices; the prices quoted to be uniform throughout the country. The official badge is fully protected by the U. Patent Laws and anyone using it without expressed authority from National Headquarters is subject to prosecution at law.

Considerable difficulty has been experienced in the selection of the material used in making coats, breeches, and shirts. The material used in the boy scout coat, breeches, and shirt has been submitted to a thirty-day sun test, the acid and strength test and is guaranteed to be a fast color and durable. To show the result of the selection made, the manufacturer of these articles has been given the privilege of using the imprint of the official seal and the right to use the official buttons.

We recommend the purchase of the articles having this imprint through any local dealer or through National Headquarters. However, where a local council exists, buttons will be supplied on order of the Executive Committee for use on such uniforms as the Committee may desire to have made locally. In communities where no local council has been formed, they may be supplied on order of a registered scout master. Prices of the buttons per set for coat is 15 cents and per set for shirt 10 cents. Every effort is made to have all parts of the uniform and equipment available to scouts through local dealers.

If such arrangements have not been made in a community, the National Headquarters will be glad to help in making such an arrangement. Many scout masters prefer to order uniforms and other supplies direct from National Headquarters. In order to cover the expense involved in handling these supplies, the manufacturers have agreed to allow National Headquarters the same trade discount allowed to local dealers. Trade through National Headquarters if sufficiently large will help to meet a part of the current expenses of the National Organization. Any combination desired may be made from this list. For instance, the Summer equipment which consists of: Hat, 50 cents; Shirt, 75 cents; Shorts, 50 cents; Belt, 40 cents.

Where it is desired to equip the members of the troop with a standard uniform the following equipment is suggested: Hat, Shirt, Coat, Breeches or Knickerbockers, Belt, Leggings or Stockings, shoes, Haversack. However, it is recommended that each troop decide upon a definite combination to be worn by its members so that all of the scouts in the troop may dress alike. Each boy should pay for his own supplies and equipment. Soliciting donations for this purpose should be prohibited. A complete list of all supplies and equipment with full information about places where same can be secured is given in the appendix of this book.

Moffat, Boy Scouts of America. Every scout knows what rope is. From the earliest moment of his play life he has used it in connection with most of his games. In camp life and on hikes he will be called upon to use it again and again. It is therefore not essential to describe here the formation of rope; its various sizes and strength. The important thing to know is how to use it to the best advantage. To do this an intelligent understanding of the different knots and how to tie them is essential. Every day sailors, explorers, mechanics, and mountain-climbers risk their lives on the knots that they tie. Thousands of lives have been sacrificed to ill-made knots. The scout therefore should be prepared in an emergency, or when necessity demands, to tie the right knot in the right way.

There are three qualities to a good knot: 1. Rapidity with which it can be tied. Its ability to hold fast when pulled tight, and 3. The readiness with which it can be undone. The following knots, recommended to scouts, are the most serviceable because they meet the above requirements and will be of great help in scoutcraft. If the tenderfoot will follow closely the various steps indicated in the diagrams, he will have little difficulty in reproducing them at pleasure. In practising knot-tying a short piece of hemp rope may be used. To protect the ends from fraying a scout should know how to "whip" them. The commonest method of "whipping" is as follows:.

Lay the end of a piece of twine along the end of the rope. Then with the other end of the twine lay a loop back on the end of the rope and continue winding the twine upon this second end until all is taken up. The end is then pulled back tight and cut off close to the rope. For the sake of clearness a scout must constantly keep in mind these three principal parts of the rope:. The Standing Part- -The long unused portion of the rope on which he works;. The Bight --The loop formed whenever the rope is turned back upon itself; and,.

Before proceeding with the tenderfoot requirements, a scout should first learn the two primary knots: the overhand and figure-of-eight knots. Start with the position shown in the preceding diagram. Back the end around the standing part and up through the bight and draw tight. Make a bight as before. Then lead the end around back of the standing part and down through the bight. After these preliminary steps, the prospective tenderfoot may proceed to learn the required knots. The commonest knot for tying two ropes together. Frequently used in first-aid bandaging. Never slips or jams; easy to untie. If the ends are not crossed correctly when making the reef knot, the false reef or granny is the result.

This knot is always bad. This knot is used in bending the sheet to the clew of a sail and in tying two rope-ends together. Make a bight with one rope A, B, then pass end C, of other rope up through and around the entire bight and bend it under its own standing part. Form a small loop on the standing part leaving the end long enough for the size of the noose required. Pass the end up through the bight around the standing part and down through the bight again. To tighten, hold noose in position and pull standing part.

Used for shortening ropes. Gather up the amount to be shortened, then make a half hitch round each of the bends as shown in the diagram. Audible Audiobook. The Storyteller: Tales of Life and Music. Dave Grohl. Bob Woodward. The Keeper of Happy Endings. Barbara Davis. Kindle Edition. The Sandman: Act II. Neil Gaiman. Mel Robbins. Next page. Board book. Novelty Book. Best sellers in Books See more Previous page. Most wished for in Books See more Previous page. Books at Amazon The Amazon. Prime Reading. New Releases. Kindle Unlimited.

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