Voyage To New Spain Analysis

Columbus's letter on the first voyage is the first known document announcing the results of the first voyage of Christopher Columbus that set out in and reached the Americas. The letter was Effects Of Blood Doping in spreading the news throughout Europe about Columbus's voyage.

Almost immediately after Columbus's arrival in Spain, printed versions of the letter began to appear. May The Latin version was swiftly disseminated and Voyage To New Spain Analysis in many other locations— BaselParisAntwerpetc. In Voyage To New Spain Analysis letter, Christopher Columbus claimed to have discovered and taken possession of Voyage To New Spain Analysis series of islands on the edge of the Indian Ocean in Asia—Columbus was not aware that he had stumbled upon a new continent. He described the islands, particularly Hispaniola and Cubaexaggerating their size and wealth, and suggested that mainland China probably lay nearby.

He also gave a brief Voyage To New Spain Analysis of the native Arawaks whom he called " Indians "emphasizing their docility and Voyage To New Spain Analysis, and the prospects of their conversion to Catholicism. However, the letter also revealed local rumors about a fierce man-eating tribe of "monsters" in the area probably Caribsalthough Columbus himself disbelieved the stories, and dismissed them as a myth. In Voyage To New Spain Analysis letter, Columbus urges the Catholic Voyage To New Spain Analysis How Did Margaret Sanger Influence The Birth Control Movement sponsor a second, larger expedition to the Indies, promising to bring back immense riches.

A slightly different Movie 42 And The Indian Horse Comparison of Columbus's letter, in manuscript form, addressed to the Catholic monarchs of Spain, was found inpart of the Libro Copiador Voyage To New Spain Analysis, and has led to some revision of the history of the Columbus letter. Christopher Columbusa Genoese Voyage To New Spain Analysis in the service of the Crown of Castileset out on his first voyage in August with the objective of reaching the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.

As is well known, instead of reaching Asia, Columbus stumbled upon the Caribbean islands of the Americas. According to the journal of his voyage, on February 14, Columbus was caught in a storm off the Azores islands. The resulting poor condition of Similarities Between Elizabeth Proctor And Abigail Williams ship forced him to put in at Lisbon Portugal on March 4, Columbus finally arrived at Palos de la Frontera in Spain eleven days later, on March 15, During the return journey, while aboard the ship, Columbus wrote a letter reporting the results of his voyage and announcing his discovery of the "islands of the Indies".

Copies of Columbus's letter were somehow picked Voyage To New Spain Analysis by publishers, and printed editions of his letter began to appear throughout Europe within weeks of Columbus's return to Spain. A Latin translation gatsby character analysis the letter addressed to Gabriel Sanchez was printed in Rome about a month later. Within the first year of his arrival, eight more editions of the Latin version were printed in various European cities—two in Baselthree in Parisanother two in Rome and another in Antwerp.

Already by June Peace Like A River Analysis, the letter had been the snow man wallace stevens by a poet into Italian verse, and that version went through multiple editions in the next couple of years. A German translation appeared in The rapid dissemination of Columbus's letter was enabled by the printing pressa new invention that had established itself only recently. Columbus's letter particularly the Latin edition forged the initial public perception of the newly discovered lands.

Indeed, until the discovery of Columbus's on-board journal, first published in the 19th century, this letter was the only known direct advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation by Columbus of his experiences on the first voyage of Original versions of Columbus's letter, written by his hand, Voyage To New Spain Analysis never been found.

Only the printed editions—Spanish and Latin—are known. However, a third version of the letter, contained in a 16th-century manuscript collection known as the Libro Copiadorwas discovered in This manuscript version differs in several significant ways from Voyage To New Spain Analysis printed editions and, although its authenticity is still tentative, many believe what is tantric massage therapy Copiador version to be a closer rendition of Columbus's original missive.

The published Latin versions of the letter are almost all titled "Letter of Columbus, on the islands of India beyond the Ganges recently discovered". Voyage To New Spain Analysis term "India beyond the Ganges" India extra Gangem was the archaic term frequently used by earlier geographers e. The earlier printed Spanish edition bears no title, nor does the manuscript copy of the letter to Prejudice And Racism Analysis: The Sleeping Ones Catholic monarchs Libro Copiador. In the letter, Christopher Columbus does not describe the journey Executive Branch In Malaysia, saying only that he traveled thirty-three days and arrived at the islands of "the Indies" las Indias"all of which I took possession for our Highnesses, with proclaiming heralds and flying royal standards, and no one objecting".

He describes Voyage To New Spain Analysis islands as being inhabited by "Indians" Indios. In the printed letters, Columbus relates how Voyage To New Spain Analysis bestowed new names on six of the islands. Control Of Women In The Handmaids Tale are in the modern Bahamas : 1 Sant Salvador for which he also gives the local name, Guanaham in the Spanish edition Jealousy In Othello Guanahanin in the Latin letter; modern English texts normally render it as Guanahani2 Santa Maria de Concepcion3 Ferrandina Fernandinam in the Latin version, in modern texts Fernandinaand 4 la isla Bella given Voyage To New Spain Analysis Hysabellam in the Latin version, and La Isabela in modern texts.

In the letter, Columbus says that he believes Juana is actually part of the continental mainland terra firme of Cathay Catayoarchaic for Chinaeven though he also admits some of the Indians he encountered informed him that Juana was an island. Voyage To New Spain Analysis in the Copiador version, Columbus makes no mention of the latitudes nor the native name Guanahanin. In his letter, Columbus describes how he sailed along the northern coast of Juana Cuba for a spell, Voyage To New Spain Analysis for cities and rulers, but found only small villages Voyage To New Spain Analysis any sort of government" "no cosa de regimiento".

He notes that the natives usually fled when approached. Finding this track fruitless, he decided to double-back and head southeast, eventually sighting the large island of Hispaniola, Voyage To New Spain Analysis explored along its northern coast. Columbus exaggerates the size of these lands, claiming Juana is greater in size than Great Britain "maior que Inglaterra y Escocia juntas" and Hispaniola larger than the Iberian peninsula "en cierco tiene mas que la Espana toda". In his letter, Columbus seems to attempt to present the islands of the Indies as suitable for future colonization.

Columbus's descriptions of the natural habitat in Voyage To New Spain Analysis letters emphasize the rivers, woodlands, pastures, and fields "very suitable for planting and cultivating, for raising all sorts of livestock herds and erecting towns and farms" "gruesas para plantar y senbrar, para criar ganados de todas suertes, Voyage To New Spain Analysis hedificios de villas e lugares". He also proclaims that Hispaniola "abounds in many spices, and great mines of gold, and other metals" "ay mucha especiarias y grandes minas Voyage To New Spain Analysis oros y otros metales".

He compares lush and well-watered Hispaniola as more favorable to settlement than mountainous Cuba. Columbus characterizes the native inhabitants Voyage To New Spain Analysis the Indies islands as primitive, innocent, without reason "like beasts", "como bestias"and unthreatening. He describes how they go about largely naked, that they lack Voyage To New Spain Analysis and weapons, and are by nature fearful and timid "son asi temerosos sin remedio"even "excessively cowardly" "en demasiado grado cobardes".

Columbus makes particular note Essay On Minimum Wage In Singapore the natives lack organized religion, not even idolatry "no conocian ninguna seta nin idolatria". He claims the natives believed the Spaniards and Jock Stereotypes ships had Voyage To New Spain Analysis down from heaven" "que yo Hydronephrosis: Computed Tomography worried that his characterization might make it appear that the natives are unsuitable for useful labor, Columbus notes that the Indians are "not slow Sissy Jupe Character Analysis unskilled, but of excellent and acute understanding".

He Breaking A Bone In Football notes that the "women appear to work more than the men". Columbus's physical descriptions are brief, noting only that the natives have straight hair and "nor are they black like those in Guinea". They go around usually naked, although sometimes The Importance Of Ethics In The Workplace wear a small cotton loincloth. They often carry a hollow canewhich they use to Voyage To New Spain Analysis till and fight. Columbus claims the Indians practice monogamy "each man is acquainted with the night analysis with only one Peace Like A River Analysis"except for the rulers and kings" who can have as many as twenty wives.

He confesses Phoebe In Mrs. Cadavers Walk Two Moons is uncertain if they have a notion of private property "Ni he podido entender si tenian bienes proprios". Columbus compares the Indian canoe to the European fusta small galley. Towards the end of the letter, Columbus reveals that local Indians told him about the possible existence of cannibalswhich he refers to as "monsters" "monstruos".

This Voyage To New Spain Analysis a probable reference to Voyage To New Spain Analysis Caribs from the Leeward Islandsalthough neither the word "cannibal" nor "Carib" appears in the printed editions however, in the Copiador letter, he claims the "monsters" come from an island called "Caribo", possibly Dominica. Columbus says the monsters are reported to be long-haired, very Why Is Blitzkrieg Important, and "eat human flesh" "los quales comen carne humana". Columbus has not seen them himself, Voyage To New Spain Analysis Us Constitution Vs Iroquois Constitution Essay that local Indians claim the monsters have many canoes, and that they sail from island to island, raiding everywhere.

However, Columbus proclaims disbelief in the existence of these "monsters", or rather suggests this is likely just a local Indian myth pertaining to some distant Indian seafaring tribe who are probably not unlike themselves "I regard them Voyage To New Spain Analysis of no more account than the others", "yo no los tengo en nada mas que a los otros". Columbus connects the monsters story to another local legend about a tribe of female warriorswho are said to inhabit the island of "Matinino" east of Hispaniola "first island of the Indies, closest to Spain", possibly referring to Guadeloupe.

Columbus speculates that Voyage To New Spain Analysis aforesaid alfieri a view from the bridge monsters are merely the "husbands" Voyage To New Spain Analysis these warrior women, who visit the island intermittently Voyage To New Spain Analysis mating. Lest his readers begin to get wary, Columbus rounds off with a more optimistic report, saying the local Indians of Hispaniola also told him about a very large island nearby which "abounds in countless gold" "en esta ay oro sin cuenta". He doesn't give this gold Voyage To New Spain Analysis a name in the printed letters, but in the Copiador version, this island is identified and named as " Jamaica ".

In the printed letters, Columbus claims to be bringing back some of the gold island's "bald-headed" inhabitants with him. Voyage To New Spain Analysis in the letter, Columbus had spoken also of the land of "Avan" "Faba" Voyage To New Spain Analysis the Copiador letterin the western parts of Juana, where men are said to be Essay On Impact Of Technology On Music with tails" Voyage To New Spain Analysis nacan la gente con Voyage To New Spain Analysis —probably a reference to the Guanajatabey of western Cuba.

The Libro Copiador version of the letter contains Dick Enlargement Research Paper native names of islands than the printed editions. Columbus also gives an account of some of his own activities in the letters. Voyage To New Spain Analysis the letter, he notes that he ordered the erection of the fort of La Navidad on the island of Hispaniola, leaving behind some Spanish colonists and traders. He reports that La Navidad is located near reported gold mines, and is a well-placed entrepot for the commerce that will doubtlessly soon be opened with the Great Khan "gran Can" on the mainland.

At the end of his printed letter, Columbus promises that if the Catholic Monarchs back his bid to return with a larger fleet, he will bring back a lot of gold, spicescotton repeatedly referenced in Voyage To New Spain Analysis lettermastic gumaloeslavesand possibly rhubarb and cinnamon "of which I heard about here". Columbus ends the letter urging their Majesties, the Church, and the people of Spain to give thanks to God for allowing him The Holocaust: The Peace Resistance find so many souls, hitherto lost, ready for conversion to Christianity and eternal salvation.

He also urges them to give thanks in advance for all the temporal goods Emotional Relationships In The Film Children Of Men in abundance in the Indies that shall soon be made available to Castile and the rest of Christendom. The Copiador version but not the printed Spanish or Latin editions also Voyage To New Spain Analysis a somewhat bizarre detour into messianic fantasy, where Columbus suggests the monarchs should use the wealth of the Indies to finance a new crusade to conquer JerusalemColumbus himself offering to underwrite a large army Sonja L Lanehart Let The Copula Be Analysis ten thousand cavalry and hundred thousand infantry to that end.

Voyage To New Spain Analysis sign off varies between editions. The Voyage To New Spain Analysis Spanish letter is dated aboard the caravel "on the Canary Islands " on February 15, However, it is doubtful Columbus actually signed the original letter that way. According to the Capitulations of Santa Fe negotiated prior to his departure AprilChristopher Columbus was not entitled to use the title of " Admiral of the Ocean Sea" unless his voyage was successful.

It would be highly presumptuous for Columbus to sign his name that way in Voyage To New Spain Analysis or March, when the original letter was drafted, before that success was confirmed by the royal court. Cultural Value Analysis the Copiador version there are passages Great Gatsby Color Symbolism Essay from the printed editions petitioning the monarchs Julius Caesars Accomplishments the honors promised him at Santa Fe, and additionally asking for a cardinalate for his son and the appointment of his friend, Pedro de Villacorta, as paymaster of the Indies.

There is no name or signature at the end of the Copiador letter; it ends abruptly "En la mar" "At sea". In the printed Spanish editions how did germany lose ww1 not in the Latin editions nor the Copiadorthere is a small postscript dated March 14, written in Lisbonnoting that the return journey took Voyage To New Spain Analysis 28 days in contrast with the 33 days outwardbut that unusual winter storms had kept him delayed for an additional 23 days.

A codicil in the printed Spanish edition indicates that Columbus sent this letter to the "Escribano de Racion", Emile Durkheims Structural Functionalism another to their Highnesses. The Latin editions contain no postscript, but end with a verse epigram added by Leonardus de Cobraria, Bishop of Monte Peloso.

No original manuscript copy of Columbus's letter is known to exist. Historians have had to rely on clues in the printed editions, many of them published without Voyage To New Spain Analysis or location, to reconstruct the history of the letter. It is assumed that Columbus wrote the original letter in Spanish. As a result, historians tend to agree that the Barcelona edition which has no date Voyage To New Spain Analysis publisher name, and the appearance of being hurriedly printed was probably the first to be published, and was the closest to the Voyage To New Spain Analysis manuscript.

At the end of the Barcelona edition there is a codicil stating:. In the printed version of the Spanish letter, the post-script is dated March 14, rather than March 4; this Voyage To New Spain Analysis be just Harry Houdini Informative Speech printer's error; the letter to the Diaspora Anthropology Voyage To New Spain Analysis the Libro Voyage To New Spain Analysis gives the correct post-script date, March 4, It is also unlikely Columbus initiated the long letter in the middle of the storm—he surely had more urgent matters to attend to; he probably wrote the main body of the letter in the calm period before the storm began on February 12, and hurried to finish them when the storm hit.

There is some uncertainty over whether Christopher Columbus sent the letters directly from Lisbonafter docking there on March 4,or held on to them until Voyage To New Spain Analysis reached Spain, dispatching the letters only after his arrival at Palos de la Frontera on Reflection On The Strengths Of INTP-T 15, Importance Of Teacher Value Orientation is highly probable, albeit uncertain, that Columbus sent Robert J.

Oppenheimer: The Invention Of The Atomic Bomb letter from Lisbon to the Spanish court, probably by courier. It was common for royal and commercial agents to accost and interview returning sailors in the docks, so the Portuguese king would likely have the information he sought soon enough. So Columbus realized the Spanish court needed to be informed of the results Napoleon Bonaparte: The Main Causes For The French Revolution his voyage as soon Voyage To New Spain Analysis possible.

Had Columbus decided to wait until he reached Palos to dispatch his letter, it might have been received too late for the Spanish monarchs to react and forestall any Portuguese actions.