⚡ Kates Sister In The Taming Of The Shrew

In Wells, Kates sister in the taming of the shrew ; Taylor, Gary eds. In The Shrewafter the wedding, Gremio kates sister in the taming of the shrew doubts as to whether or not Petruchio will be kates sister in the taming of the shrew to tame Katherina. If you need this sample, insert an email and we'll deliver it to kates sister in the taming of the shrew. Garber, Marjorie She therefore half sky capital entirely with kates sister in the taming of the shrew her husband says. I believe that it is saying — "do Alternative Sexual Orientation be like this" and "do not do this. In Baptista's house, Katherine is Rhetorical Analysis Of Do What You Love By Jeff Haden Bianca. Say she be mute and will not speak a word, Then I'll commend her volubility And say she uttereth piercing eloquence. New Kates sister in the taming of the shrew, NY: Continuum.

The Taming of the Shrew by Roberta Vaz

Is he sentimental? Does he miss him? Or, is he callous? Glad his dad is gone so he can take charge of the family trust and be the boss? If you were a director, how would you suggest an actor deliver these lines? Fathers commonly Do get their children. But in this case of wooing, A child shall get a sire, if I fail not of my cunning. Here, Tranio muses about finding someone to pretend to be Lucentio's father, Vincentio, in order to finalize Lucentio's wedding contracts. Tranio cleverly puns on "get" to find a fake father and to "beget" to sire, or to father. Parents are supposed to be in charge but the actions of rebellious and deceitful children throw such relationships into chaos. In this case, a child is going to beget invent a fake father figure, the Pedant, behind his real father's back.

In the last line, Tranio also suggests that a child Lucentio is going to "get" Bianca's father. That is, he's going to gain a father-in-law and he's going to get the better of his new father-in-law by eloping with Bianca and fooling Baptista. All of which helps him get rich a common 16th-century definition for "get" in the process. That's a lot of work for one little word. Nay, now I see She is your treasure, she must have a husband, I must dance barefoot on her wedding day And for your love to her lead apes in hell.

Talk not to me. I will go sit and weep Till I can find occasion of revenge. Kate's accusation that Baptista loves Bianca the most sounds a bit childish, but it's not unfounded. Baptista does treat Bianca as a "treasure. Hortensio sees Bianca as a "treasure" as well and accuses Baptista of being miserly with his "riches" 1. Katherine and Bianca, like many sisters, have a tumultuous relationship. Though, we don't know many women who have tied up their sisters and slapped them around, as Kate does in this scene. We can't help but notice, however, that they never seem to make up or find any common ground and siblings or even women.

Even at the play's very end, Katherine "scolds" her little sister and the Widow. It's not just Kate, however, that can't play nice. None of the women get along, which is especially evident in a play where the men run around scheming together. You knew my father well, and in him me, 2. When Petruchio approaches Baptista for Kate's hand, he banks on the fact that Baptista knew his dead father. The good reputation of fathers is important to all the social climbing young men in this play.

As such, audiences may not have been as predisposed to tolerate the harsh treatment of Katherina as is often thought. Evidence of at least some initial societal discomfort with The Shrew is, perhaps, to be found in the fact that John Fletcher , Shakespeare's successor as house playwright for the King's Men , wrote The Woman's Prize , or The Tamer Tamed as a sequel to Shakespeare's play. Written c. In a mirror of the original, his new wife attempts successfully to tame him — thus the tamer becomes the tamed. Although Fletcher's sequel is often downplayed as merely a farce, some critics acknowledge the more serious implications of such a reaction.

Lynda Boose, for example, writes, "Fletcher's response may in itself reflect the kind of discomfort that Shrew has characteristically provoked in men and why its many revisions since have repeatedly contrived ways of softening the edges. With the rise of the feminist movement in the twentieth century, reactions to the play have tended to become more divergent. For some critics, "Kate's taming was no longer as funny as it had been [ Marcus very much believes the play to be what it seems. She argues A Shrew is an earlier version of The Shrew , but acknowledges that most scholars reject the idea that A Shrew was written by Shakespeare. She believes one of the reasons for this is because A Shrew "hedges the play's patriarchal message with numerous qualifiers that do not exist in" The Shrew.

However, others see the play as an example of a pre- feminist condemnation of patriarchal domination and an argument for modern-day "women's lib". For example, Conall Morrison , director of the RSC 's "relentlessly unpleasant" production, wrote:. I find it gobsmacking that some people see the play as misogynistic. I believe that it is a moral tale. I believe that it is saying — "do not be like this" and "do not do this. It's amazing how you lobotomised her. And they're betting on the women as though they are dogs in a race or horses. It's reduced to that. And it's all about money and the level of power. Have you managed to crush Katharina or for Hortensio and Lucentio, will you be able to control Bianca and the widow?

Will you similarly be able to control your proto-shrews? It is so self-evidently repellent that I don't believe for a second that Shakespeare is espousing this. And I don't believe for a second that the man who would be interested in Benedict and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet and all these strong lovers would have some misogynist aberration. It's very obviously a satire on this male behaviour and a cautionary tale [ This is him investigating misogyny, exploring it and animating it and obviously damning it because none of the men come out smelling of roses. When the chips are down they all default to power positions and self-protection and status and the one woman who was a challenge to them, with all with her wit and intellect, they are all gleeful and relieved to see crushed.

Petruchio's 'taming' of Kate, harsh though it may be, is a far cry from the fiercely repressive measures going on outside the theatre, and presumably endorsed by much of its audience. Some critics argue that in mitigating the violence both of folktales and of actual practices, Shakespeare sets up Petruchio as a ruffian and a bully, but only as a disguise — and a disguise that implicitly criticises the brutal arrogance of conventional male attitudes. Whatever the " gender studies " folks may think, Shakespeare isn't trying to "domesticate women"; he's not making any kind of case for how they ought to be treated or what sort of rights they ought to have.

He's just noticing what men and women are really like, and creating fascinating and delightful drama out of it. Shakespeare's celebration of the limits that define us — of our natures as men and women — upsets only those folks who find human nature itself upsetting. Jonathan Miller , director of the BBC Television Shakespeare adaptation, and several theatrical productions, argues that although the play is not misogynistic, neither is it a feminist treatise:. I think it's an irresponsible and silly thing to make that play into a feminist tract: to use it as a way of proving that women have been dishonoured and hammered flat by male chauvinism.

There's another, more complex way of reading it than that: which sees it as being their particular view of how society ought to be organised in order to restore order in a fallen world. Now, we don't happen to think that we are inheritors of the sin of Adam and that orderliness can only be preserved by deputing power to magistrates and sovereigns, fathers and husbands. But the fact that they did think like that is absolutely undeniable, so productions which really do try to deny that, and try to hijack the work to make it address current problems about women's place in society, become boring, thin and tractarian. According to H. Oliver, "it has become orthodoxy to claim to find in the Induction the same 'theme' as is to be found in both the Bianca and the Katherine-Petruchio plots of the main play, and to take it for granted that identity of theme is a merit and 'justifies' the introduction of Sly.

This is important in terms of determining the seriousness of Katherina's final speech. Marjorie Garber writes of the Induction, "the frame performs the important task of distancing the later action, and of insuring a lightness of tone — significant in light of the real abuse to which Kate is subjected by Petruchio. Are we to let that play preach morality to us or look in it for social or intellectual substance? The drunken tinker may be believed in as one believes in any realistically presented character; but we cannot 'believe' in something that is not even mildly interesting to him.

The play within the play has been presented only after all the preliminaries have encouraged us to take it as a farce. Oliver argues that "the main purpose of the Induction was to set the tone for the play within the play — in particular, to present the story of Kate and her sister as none-too-serious comedy put on to divert a drunken tinker". Regarding the importance of the Induction, Jonathan Bate and Eric Rasmussen argue "the Sly framework establishes a self-referential theatricality in which the status of the shrew-play as a play is enforced.

The means by which this self-interrogation is accomplished is that complex theatrical device of the Sly-framework [ As such, questions of the seriousness of what happens within it are rendered irrelevant. Language itself is a major theme in the play, especially in the taming process, where mastery of language becomes paramount. Katherina is initially described as a shrew because of her harsh language to those around her.

Karen Newman points out, "from the outset of the play, Katherine's threat to male authority is posed through language: it is perceived by others as such and is linked to a claim larger than shrewishness — witchcraft — through the constant allusions to Katherine's kinship with the devil. Even Katherina's own father refers to her as "thou hilding of a devilish spirit" 2. Petruchio, however, attempts to tame her — and thus her language — with rhetoric that specifically undermines her tempestuous nature;. Say that she rail, why then I'll tell her plain She sings as sweetly as a nightingale. Say that she frown, I'll say that she looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew.

Say she be mute and will not speak a word, Then I'll commend her volubility And say she uttereth piercing eloquence. If she do bid me pack, I'll give her thanks, As though she bid me stay by her a week. Here Petruchio is specifically attacking the very function of Katherina's language, vowing that no matter what she says, he will purposely misinterpret it, thus undermining the basis of the linguistic sign , and disrupting the relationship between signifier and signified. In this sense, Margaret Jane Kidnie argues this scene demonstrates the "slipperiness of language.

Apart from undermining her language, Petruchio also uses language to objectify her. For example, in Act 3, Scene 2, Petruchio explains to all present that Katherina is now literally his property:. She is my goods, my chattels , she is my house, My household stuff, my field, my barn, My horse, my ox, my ass, my any thing. In discussing Petruchio's objectification of Katherina, Tita French Baumlin focuses on his puns on her name. By referring to her as a "cake" and a "cat" 2.

In particular, he is prone to comparing her to a hawk 2. Katherina, however, appropriates this method herself, leading to a trading of insults rife with animal imagery in Act 2, Scene 1 ll. Language itself has thus become a battleground. However, it is Petruchio who seemingly emerges as the victor. In his house, after Petruchio has dismissed the haberdasher, Katherina exclaims.

Why sir, I trust I may have leave to speak, And speak I will. I am no child, no babe; Your betters have endured me say my mind, And if you cannot, best you stop your ears. My tongue will tell the anger of my heart, Or else my heart concealing it will break, And rather than it shall, I will be free Even to the uttermost, as I please, in words. Katherina is here declaring her independence of language; no matter what Petruchio may do, she will always be free to speak her mind. However, only one-hundred lines later, the following exchange occurs;. And well we may come there by dinner-time. Look what I speak, or do, or think to do, You are still crossing it. Sirs, let't alone, I will not go today; and ere I do, It shall be what o'clock I say it is.

Kidnie says of this scene, "the language game has suddenly changed and the stakes have been raised. Whereas before he seemed to mishear or misunderstand her words, Petruchio now overtly tests his wife's subjection by demanding that she concede to his views even when they are demonstrably unreasonable. The lesson is that Petruchio has the absolute authority to rename their world. His apparent victory in the 'language game' is seen in Act 4, Scene 5, when Katherina is made to switch the words "moon" and "sun", and she concedes that she will agree with whatever Petruchio says, no matter how absurd:.

And be it the moon, or sun, or what you please; And if you please to call it a rush-candle , Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me But sun it is not, when you say it is not, And the moon changes even as your mind: What you will have it named, even that it is, And so it shall be so for Katherine. Of this scene, Kidnie argues "what he 'says' must take priority over what Katherina 'knows'. The important role of language, however, is not confined to the taming plot. For example, in a psychoanalytic reading of the play, Joel Fineman suggests there is a distinction made between male and female language, further subcategorising the latter into good and bad, epitomised by Bianca and Katherina respectively.

Here, Sly speaks in prose until he begins to accept his new role as lord, at which point he switches to blank verse and adopts the royal we. In productions of the play, it is often the interpretation of Katherina's final speech the longest speech in the play that defines the tone of the entire production, such is the importance of this speech and what it says, or seems to say, about female submission:. Fie, fie! It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads, Confounds thy fame, as whirlwinds shake fair buds, And in no sense is meet or amiable.

A woman moved is like a fountain troubled, Muddy, ill-seeming, thick, bereft of beauty, And while it is so, none so dry or thirsty Will deign to sip or touch one drop of it. Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign: one that cares for thee, And for thy maintenance; commits his body To painful labour both by sea and land, To watch the night in storms, the day in cold, Whilst thou liest warm at home, secure and safe, And craves no other tribute at thy hands But love, fair looks, and true obedience — Too little payment for so great a debt.

Such duty as the subject owes the prince, Even such a woman oweth to her husband; And when she is froward, peevish, sullen, sour, And not obedient to his honest will, What is she but a foul contending rebel And graceless traitor to her loving lord? I am ashamed that women are so simple To offer war where they should kneel for peace; Or seek for rule, supremacy, and sway, When they are bound to serve, love, and obey. Why are our bodies soft, and weak, and smooth, Unapt to toil and trouble in the world, But that our soft conditions, and our hearts, Should well agree with our external parts?

Come, come, you froward and unable worms! My mind hath been as big as one of yours, My heart as great, my reason haply more, To bandy word for word and frown for frown; But now I see our lances are but straws, Our strength as weak, our weakness past compare, That seeming to be most which we indeed least are. Then vail your stomachs, for it is no boot, And place your hands below your husband's foot; In token of which duty, if he please, My hand is ready, may it do him ease.

Traditionally, many critics have taken the speech literally. Writing in , for example, G. Duthie argued "what Shakespeare emphasises here is the foolishness of trying to destroy order. George Bernard Shaw wrote in that "no man with any decency of feeling can sit it out in the company of a woman without being extremely ashamed of the lord-of-creation moral implied in the wager and the speech put into the woman's own mouth.

Actress Meryl Streep , who played Katherina in at the Shakespeare in the Park festival , says of the play, "really what matters is that they have an incredible passion and love; it's not something that Katherina admits to right away, but it does provide the source of her change. Bean sees the speech as the final stage in the process of Katherina's change of heart towards Petruchio; "if we can appreciate the liberal element in Kate's last speech — the speech that strikes modern sensibilities as advocating male tyranny — we can perhaps see that Kate is tamed not in the automatic manner of behavioural psychology but in the spontaneous manner of the later romantic comedies where characters lose themselves and emerge, as if from a dream, liberated into the bonds of love.

Perhaps the most common interpretation in the modern era is that the speech is ironic; Katherina has not been tamed at all, she has merely duped Petruchio into thinking she has. Two especially well known examples of this interpretation are seen in the two major feature film adaptations of the play; Sam Taylor 's version and Franco Zeffirelli 's version. In Taylor's film, Katherina, played by Mary Pickford , winks at Bianca during the speech, indicating she does not mean a word of what she is saying. She points out that several lines in the speech focus on the woman's body, but in the Elizabethan theatre , the role would have been played by a young boy, thus rendering any evocation of the female form as ironic.

Reading the play as a satire of gender roles, she sees the speech as the culmination of this process. And in declaring women's passivity so extensively and performing it centre-stage, Kate might be seen to take on a kind of agency that rebukes the feminine codes of silence and obedience which she so expressly advocates. He has gained her outward compliance in the form of a public display, while her spirit remains mischievously free. In relation to this interpretation, William Empson suggests that Katherina was originally performed by an adult male actor rather than a young boy.

He argues that the play indicates on several occasions that Katherina is physically strong, and even capable of over-powering Petruchio. For example, this is demonstrated off-stage when the horse falls on her as she is riding to Petruchio's home, and she is able to lift it off herself, and later when she throws Petruchio off a servant he is beating. Empson argues that the point is not that Katherina is, as a woman, weak, but that she is not well cast in the role in life which she finds herself having to play. The end of the play then offers blatant irony when a strong male actor, dressed as a woman, lectures women on how to play their parts.

The fourth school of thought is that the play is a farce, and hence the speech should not be read seriously or ironically. For example, Robert B. Heilman argues that "the whole wager scene falls essentially within the realm of farce: the responses are largely mechanical, as is their symmetry. Kate's final long speech on the obligations and fitting style of wives we can think of as a more or less automatic statement — that is, the kind appropriate to farce — of a generally held doctrine.

One is that a careful reading of the lines will show that most of them have to be taken literally; only the last seven or eight lines can be read with ironic overtones [ Another way in which to read the speech and the play as farcical is to focus on the Induction. Oliver, for example, emphasising the importance of the Induction, writes "the play within the play has been presented only after all the preliminaries have encouraged us to take it as a farce.

We have been warned. It does not, cannot, work. The play has changed key: it has modulated back from something like realistic social comedy to the other, 'broader' kind of entertainment that was foretold by the Induction. Emma Smith suggests a possible fifth interpretation: Petruchio and Kate have colluded together to plot this set-piece speech, "a speech learned off pat", to demonstrate that Kate is the most obedient of the three wives and so allow Petruchio to win the wager. The issue of gender politics is an important theme in The Taming of the Shrew.

In a letter to the Pall Mall Gazette , George Bernard Shaw famously called the play "one vile insult to womanhood and manhood from the first word to the last. This new boundary was built on notions of class and civil behaviour. Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew acts as a comedic roadmap for reconfiguring these emergent modes of "skillful" and civilised dominance for gentle men, that is, for subordinating a wife without resorting to the "common" man's brute strength. Petruchio's answer is to psychologically tame Katherina, a method not frowned upon by society; "the play signals a shift towards a "modern" way of managing the subordination of wives by legitimatising domination as long as it is not physical.

The play encourages its audience not only to pay close attention to Petruchio's method but also to judge and enjoy the method's permissibility because of the absence of blows and the harmonious outcome. However, Detmer is critical of scholars who defend Shakespeare for depicting male dominance in a less brutal fashion than many of his contemporaries.

For example, although not specifically mentioned by Detmer, Michael West writes "the play's attitude was characteristically Elizabethan and was expressed more humanly by Shakespeare than by some of his sources. Her surrender and obedience signify her emotional bondage as a survival strategy; she aims to please because her life depends upon it. Knowing how the Stockholm syndrome works can help us to see that whatever " subjectivity " might be achieved is created out of domination and a coercive bonding.

In a Marxist reading of the play, Natasha Korda argues that, although Petruchio is not characterised as a violent man, he still embodies sixteenth century notions regarding the subjugation and objectification of women. Shrew taming stories existed prior to Shakespeare's play, and in such stories, "the object of the tale was simply to put the shrew to work, to restore her frequently through some gruesome form of punishment to her proper productive place within the household economy.

He seeks to educate her in her role as a consumer. Vital in this reading is Katherina's final speech, which Korda argues "inaugurates a new gendered division of labour, according to which husbands "labour both by sea and land" while their wives luxuriate at home [ In a different reading of how gender politics are handled in the play, David Beauregard reads the relationship between Katherina and Petruchio in traditional Aristotelian terms.

Petruchio, as the architect of virtue Politics , 1. The virtue of obedience at the center of Kate's final speech is not what Aristotle describes as the despotic rule of master over slave, but rather the statesman's rule over a free and equal person Politics , 1. Recognising the evil of despotic domination, the play holds up in inverse form Kate's shrewishness, the feminine form of the will to dominance, as an evil that obstructs natural fulfillment and destroys marital happiness. The roughness is, at bottom, part of the fun: such is the peculiar psychology of sport that one is willing to endure aching muscles and risk the occasional broken limb for the sake of the challenge. The sports most often recalled throughout the play are blood sports , hunting and hawking , thus invoking in the audience the state of mind in which cruelty and violence are acceptable, even exciting, because their scope is limited by tacit agreement and they are made the occasion for a display of skill.

Ann Thompson argues that "the fact that in the folktale versions the shrew-taming story always comes to its climax when the husbands wager on their wives' obedience must have been partly responsible for the large number of references to sporting, gaming and gambling throughout the play. These metaphors can help to make Petruchio's cruelty acceptable by making it seem limited and conventionalised. Director Michael Bogdanov , who directed the play in , considers that "Shakespeare was a feminist":. Shakespeare shows women totally abused — like animals — bartered to the highest bidder. He shows women used as commodities, not allowed to choose for themselves. In The Taming of the Shrew you get that extraordinary scene between Baptista, Grumio, and Tranio, where they are vying with each other to see who can offer most for Bianca, who is described as 'the prize'.

It is a toss of the coin to see which way she will go: to the old man with a certain amount of money, or to the young man, who is boasting that he's got so many ships. She could end up with the old impotent fool, or the young 'eligible' man: what sort of life is that to look forward to? There is no question of it, [Shakespeare's] sympathy is with the women, and his purpose, to expose the cruelty of a society that allows these things to happen. The motivation of money is another theme. When speaking of whether or not someone may ever want to marry Katherina, Hortensio says "Though it pass your patience and mine to endure her loud alarums, why man, there be good fellows in the world, and a man could light on them, would take her with all faults and money enough" 1.

In the scene that follows Petruchio says:. If thou know One rich enough to be Petruchio's wife- As wealth is burden of my wooing dance- Be she as foul as was Florentius ' love, As old as Sibyl , and as curst and shrewd As Socrates' Xanthippe, or a worse, She moves me not. A few lines later Grumio says, "Why give him gold enough and marry him to a puppet or an aglet -baby, or an old trot with ne're a tooth in her head, though she have as many diseases as two and fifty horses. Why, nothing comes amiss, so money comes withal" 1. Furthermore, Petruchio is encouraged to woo Katherina by Gremio, Tranio as Lucentio , and Hortensio, who vow to pay him if he wins her, on top of Baptista's dowry "After my death, the one half of my lands, and in possession, twenty thousand crowns".

Later, Petruchio does not agree with Baptista on the subject of love in this exchange:. Gremio and Tranio literally bid for Bianca. The first opera based on the play was Ferdinando Bertoni 's opera buffa Il duca di Atene , with libretto by Carlo Francesco Badini. Frederic Reynolds ' Catherine and Petruchio is an adaptation of Garrick, with an overture taken from Gioachino Rossini , songs derived from numerous Shakespeare plays and sonnets , and music by John Braham and Thomas Simpson Cooke. It was first performed at the original National Theatre Mannheim. Johan Wagenaar 's De getemde feeks is the second of three overtures Wagenaar wrote based on Shakespeare, the others being Koning Jan and Driekoningenavond A tragedy, the opera depicts Sly as a hard-drinking and debt-ridden poet who sings in a London pub.

When he is tricked into believing that he is a lord, his life improves, but upon learning it is a ruse, he mistakenly concludes the woman he loves Dolly only told him she loved him as part of the ruse. In despair, he kills himself by cutting his wrists, with Dolly arriving too late to save him. Sly is duped by a Lord into believing that he himself is a lord. However, he soon becomes aware of the ruse, and when left alone, he flees with the Lord's valuables and his two mistresses. The earliest known musical adaptation of the play was a ballad opera based on Charles Johnson's The Cobler of Preston. Called The Cobler of Preston's Opera , the piece was anonymously written, although William Dunkin is thought by some scholars as a likely candidate.

Rehearsals for the premier began in Smock Alley in October , but sometime in November or December, the show was cancelled. It was subsequently published in March. James Worsdale 's A Cure for a Scold is also a ballad opera. At the end, there is no wager. Instead, Peg pretends she is dying, and as Petruchio runs for a doctor, she reveals she is fine, and declares "you have taught me what 'tis to be a Wife, and I shall make it my Study to be obliging and obedient," to which Manly replies "My best Peg, we will exchange Kindness, and be each others Servants. I'm not the Thing I represented. The music and lyrics are by Porter and the book is by Samuel and Bella Spewack.

The musical tells the story of a husband and wife acting duo Fred and Lilli attempting to stage The Taming of the Shrew , but whose backstage fights keep getting in the way. Directed by John C. It ran for performances. In , extracts from the play were broadcast on BBC Radio , performed by the Cardiff Station Repertory Company as the eight episode of a series of programs showcasing Shakespeare's plays, entitled Shakespeare Night. The adaptation was written by Gilbert Seldes , who employed a narrator Godfrey Tearle to fill in gaps in the story, tell the audience about the clothes worn by the characters and offer opinions as to the direction of the plot. For example, Act 4, Scene 5 ends with the narrator musing "We know that Katherina obeys her husband, but has her spirit been really tamed I wonder?

The cast list for this production has been lost, but it is known to have featured George Peppard. All references to The Taming of the Shrew , unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Oxford Shakespeare Oliver, , which is based on the First Folio. Under this referencing system, 1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Kate The Taming of the Shrew. For film adaptations, see The Taming of the Shrew on screen. Main article: The Taming of the Shrew in performance. At last they laid a wager of a dinner, agreeing that the one whose wife should prove the least obedient should pay for the dinner. Each man was to warn his wife to do whatever he might bid; afterward he was to set a basin before her and bid her leap into it. The first wife insisted on knowing the reason for the command; she received several blows from her husband's fist.

The second wife flatly refused to obey; she was thoroughly beaten with a staff. The wife of the third merchant received the same warning as the rest, but the intended trial was postponed until after dinner. During the meal this wife was asked to put salt upon the table. Because of a similarity between the two expressions in French, she understood her husband to command her to leap upon the table. She at once did so, throwing down the meat and drink and breaking the glasses. When she stated the reason for her conduct, the other merchants acknowledged without further trial that they had lost the wager. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN Houk and Duthie See also Morris , pp. Alexander and Alexander Shroeder Henry VI, Part Two. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Henry VI, Part Three. Shakespeare's stage traffic : imitation, borrowing and competition in Renaissance theatre. Cambridge University Press. Royal Shakespeare Company. Retrieved 15 March Washington, DC: Regenery. The Times Literary Supplement. Fashioning Femininity and English Renaissance Drama. Women in Culture and Society. This is Shakespeare. London: Pelican. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger. In Holderness, Graham ed.

The Shakespeare Myth. Manchester: Manchester University Press. In Sadie, Stanley ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare Revised ed. The Zarzuela Companion. Maryland: Screcrow Press. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music. London: Penguin. Operas in English: A Dictionary Revised ed.

Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. Retrieved 12 January Tony Awards. Archived from the original on 31 August Retrieved 13 January The Oxford Dictionary of Dance Second ed. The Louis Falco Repertory. Vakhtang Matchavariani Official Web Site. Retrieved 21 January Retrieved 22 January In Burt, Richard ed. Volume Two. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Addison-Roberts, Jeanne Summer Shakespeare Quarterly. JSTOR Alexander, Peter Spring In Aspinall, Dana E. The Taming of the Shrew: Critical Essays. New York, NY: Garland. Ball, Robert Hamilton [1st Pub. London: Routledge. Baumlin, Tita French Spring Bean, John C. Beauregard, David N. Boose, Lynda E. Summer Bullough, Geoffrey Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Archived from the original on 9 September Retrieved 5 December Daniel, P.

London: New Shakspere Society. Davies, Stevie Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew. Penguin Critical Studies. Dessen, Alan C. In Collins, Michael J. Detmer, Emily Autumn Dusinberre, Juliet []. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women Third ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Duthie, G. October The Review of English Studies. Elam, Keir In Marrapodi, Michele ed.

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