✪✪✪ Resource Mobilization Theory: Homeless Social Movement Organizations

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RM Action Planning - What are the key ingredients of a resource mobilization action plan?

A basic assumption of community organization is that people most affected by local concerns, including those labeled as "clients" of agency services, can do something about them. This "strengths" perspective highlights people's assets and abilities, not their deficits and limitations. While it acknowledges personal and community competence, it also recognizes the importance of environmental supports and barriers that affect engagement in community life. For self-determination efforts to be successful, we must create opportunities for working together, and increase the positive consequences of community action. Addressing what matters to local people -- good health, education, and jobs, for example -- is beyond any one of us.

The idea of "ecology" -- interactions among organisms and the environment -- helps us see community action as occurring within a web of relationships. Community life is enhanced when individual strengths are joined in common purpose -- an expression of the principle of interdependence. We are interconnected: each of us has a responsibility to make this a world good for all of us. Authentic leaders -- those who enable constituents to see higher possibilities, and pursue them together -- are among us. Yet, they may not always be acknowledged by those in authority. When doing community organizing in low-income public housing, I found that a simple question helped in "discovering" local leaders: "Who do children go to when they are hurt and an adult isn't home?

Community practitioners should never get used to the terrible conditions they see in their community work. Those doing community work, particularly in low-income communities, are exposed to horrible things: children in uncaring and unhealthy environments; adults without adequate food, clothing, and shelter; and other conditions essential for a decent life. Practitioners should avoid becoming desensitized about how they feel about what they see and hear. Disclosing experiences and feelings to colleagues is one way to help support each other. Community activists must also decide how to use those feelings -- such as anger about conditions in which some people live -- to energize and sustain their work. To make a difference, those doing community work must be in it for the long haul.

People's values, such as fairness or respect for the dignity of others, help sustain their efforts. For instance, a personal or family history of discrimination -- a common experience for many racial and ethnic minorities -- may incline us to embrace the value of social justice and to work for equality of opportunity. Faith communities and religious institutions help shape our beliefs about what is right and good, such as our responsibility to care for others. Community-based organizations, such as a homeless coalition or tenants-rights organization, call us to serve the common good -- things beyond ourselves. As such, they enable us to devote our lives to higher purposes, while working in this world.

Those doing the work of community building are often consumed by its demands. For example, leaders and staff of community-based organizations rarely take time to consider the lessons learned about community action, barriers and resources, or other features of their work. Personal reflection journals and periodic group retreats help leaders and groups to reflect on and review the initial purposes and recent directions of their organizations. As such, they promote "praxis" -- the joining of understanding theory and action practice. Responding to events and opportunities to build community often takes us beyond what we know. Community practice is largely an art form. Effective intervention is shaped more by trial and error than by tested general statements about the conditions under which specified interventions the independent variable effect desired behavior and outcome the dependent variables.

Yet, attention to the conditions that matter to local people -- crime, drug use, and poverty, for example -- cannot wait for the findings of research trials. We must be decisive in the face of uncertainty, even when the scientific evidence for a chosen course of action is inadequate. For example, a regulatory policy that permits environmental polluters to go unpunished serves the economic interests of businesses that pollute, and those elected and appointed officials who may benefit from campaign contributions or bribes.

Similarly, the existence of drugs and violence may indirectly benefit elected officials since they often gain public support when they rant against perpetrators of drugs and violence. When those in authority oppose community action efforts or ignore appeals for substantive intervention , there may be a disconnect between the public interest common good and the private interests of those with disproportionate influence. Racial and ethnic tension and controversies have disrupted and destroyed many community organization efforts.

Race and ethnic differences matter in this work. For instance, most African Americans share a common history of discrimination based on race, such as being followed more closely in a store or being ignored by cabs in a city. When you are part of an ethnic minority, people may assume they can think and speak for you, even if they have given no evidence that they care about you. Accordingly, understandable distrust of the "other" the majority culture may breed conflict that disrupts reciprocity and collaboration among people of different races and cultures. Participating in or supporting protest can be dangerous, especially for those who remain in the community.

For example, following a school boycott launched by residents of a low-income public housing project, it was my friend Myrtle Carter, a welfare mother and visible leader, who was subjected to police harassment. She was arrested and jailed for a minor parking violation while we outside organizers who were also part of the effort experienced only small inconveniences. Activists using protest tactics should expect those in power to retaliate, even by establishing criminal penalties for particularly effective disruptive actions such as strikes. Less in-your-face social action approaches can produce a strong political base from which to make change. For example, the Industrial Areas Foundation IAF appeared to be relatively effective in attracting support and avoiding opposition for their causes.

Consistent with the "I Ching" and other statements of Eastern philosophies, less direct or forceful actions may be less likely to beget opposition and adverse reaction. An analysis of the advocacy literature suggests different ways in which change efforts might be blunted. These include deflecting attention from the issue, delaying a response, denying the problem or request, discounting the problem or the group, deceiving the public, dividing and conquering the organization, appeasing leadership with short-term gains, discrediting group members, or destroying the group with slur campaigns through the media.

Skilled practitioners can help group members recognize and avoid or counteract sources and modes of opposition. Consider the case of local welfare officials the opposition who discount claims of a disability rights group that people with disabilities are being denied assistance unfairly. To counteract this opposition, disability advocates might document the number and kinds of cases denied, and use media advocacy about the consequences of denying eligibility to arouse public concern. Depending on the nature and form of opposition, appropriate counteractions may include reframing the issues, turning negatives into positives, going public with opponents' tactics, concentrating the organization's strength against the opponents' weakness, and knowing when to negotiate.

Advocates should expect multiple layers of opposition and resistance to community and system change. For example, community organizations working for better schools may face resistance initially from school board officials; later, from local principals; and still later, from teachers. Peel off one layer, and another form of resistance or opposition may be there to protect vested interests.

The broad and specific means of intervention should match the ends, and the context. For example, social planning -- using technical information often with the guidance of outside experts -- may assist in defining goals when people share common interests. Similarly, locality development -- featuring self-help efforts of local people -- may be appropriate for reducing a particular problem, such as substance abuse or neighborhood safety, around which there is widespread agreement. In contrast, social action -- with its disruptive tactics and related conflict -- may be needed in contexts of opposing interests such as in reducing discrimination or disparities in income or power.

Some initiatives -- for instance, a campaign for school reform -- get stuck using one preferred means of action, such as collaborative planning or disruptive tactics, even when the goals or conditions shift. By invoking only one strategy, the organization's actions may be easier to ignore and the benefits of complementary approaches may go untapped. For example, the threat of disruptive tactics social action may make support for self-help efforts locality development more likely. Flexibility in strategy, and use of multiple means, may enhance community efforts and outcomes.

Some community practitioners operate in more than one system of influence. For example, those who combine research and practice must respect the influences of both academic disciplines and members of community-based organizations. Being open to different audiences helps integrate disparate ideas, discover novel solutions, and transform practice. Mobilizing people for action requires substantial time and effort.

Making the calls and personal contacts to bring about a change in school policy, for example, cannot be done solely by volunteers. The stimulation and coordination of community work, like any other valued work, should be paid for. Without salaries for community mobilizers or organizers, follow-through on planned actions is rare. Community organization efforts seldom are maintained without external resources. Yet, financial support usually has strings attached. For example, accepting money from foundations or the government may restrict advocacy efforts.

Although often a necessity, outside resources may come at the price of compromising the group's goals or available means of action. When the issue that a community organization was formed around begins to fade, so may the organization. For example, a taxpayer rights organization may dissolve when its goal of blocking a particular public expenditure, such as a school bond issue, is resolved. Organizations that endure after the issue subsides may lose members unless they reinvent themselves to address other emerging issues.

For example, a good neighborhood organizer might work for improved trash pickup or more streetlights to provide literally visible benefits of group action. Without the small victories, community organizations won't retain current members -- or attract new ones. Practitioners' interests should always be lower on the list than the interests of those of the people served. Yet, when disciplines, such as social welfare or public health, market training for "professionals" in the work of community organization, they risk creating professions in which the practitioners benefit more than the clients. Professions that certify people -- and not promising practices or demonstrably effective methods -- may emphasize the interests of professionals or guild interests , and not those experiencing the problems.

For some practitioners, dialogue among representatives of different groups is a sufficient "outcome" of community development efforts. Yet, local people who come together to address what matters to them are usually interested in going beyond talk, and on to action and achieving results. Community organization efforts should bring about tangible benefits such as community change, problem solving, and furthering social justice. The primary need is not for individuals to adjust to their world, but for environments to change so people can attain their goals. Much framing of societal problems focuses on the deficits of those most affected. For example, prominent labels for causes of academic failure might include "poor motivation" of youth or "poor monitoring" by parents.

Alternatively, analyses of academic failure might address such environmental conditions as "few opportunities to do academic work" in schools and "limited opportunities for employment" following school. Community health and well being are private and public matters, calling for both individual and social responsibility. Effective community organizations transform the environment: they alter programs, policies, and practices related to the group's mission.

For example, a disability rights organization might modify policies regarding employment discrimination against people with disabilities or establish new job training programs that accommodate people with different impairments. In their role as catalysts for change, community organizations convene others, broker relationships, and leverage resources for shared purposes. The level s of intervention should reflect the multiple levels that contribute to the problem. Consider the typical interventions for most societal problems. For example, job training to address unemployment or drug awareness programs to counter substance abuse, is typical of initiatives trying to change the behavior of those with limited power who are closest to the "problem," for instance, low-income adults unemployment or youth substance abuse.

When used alone, service programs and targeted interventions, such as for so-called "at risk" adults or youth, may deflect attention away from more root causes, such as poverty and the conditions of opportunity that affect behavior at a variety of levels. Resolution of many societal issues, such as crime or unemployment, requires changes in decisions made by corporate and political decisionmakers at levels higher than the local community. Systems change does not occur simply by reporting felt needs to appointed or elected officials.

For those with higher economic or political status, simply expressing a concern may have influence on decisions that affect them. A variety of traditional means is available to such groups as a way of exerting influence; they include petitioning, lobbying, influencing the media, supporting political candidates, and voting in large numbers. These means are largely unavailable to those most affected by many societal problems, however, such as children and the poor. Marginalized groups lack the resources to exert influence in conventional ways. The great power of social movements is in communicating a different vision of the world. Marginalized groups use the drama of protest -- and the conflict it provokes -- to display realities not widely regarded as important. For example, the media may cover a strike and related protests by farm workers or coal miners, and the violence it often evokes from owners, the police, or others in power.

Media coverage helps convey the story of the conditions faced by the protesters, and the unfairness of the action or inaction of businesses or institutions that are targeted. The dramatic nature of protest and related conflict can help politicize voters who, through enhanced public support of the positions of marginalized groups, can exert influence on those in power. Since ignoring is likely and retaliation is possible, small organizations with limited power should avoid seeking fundamental changes in the system. For example, a single grassroots organization in a low-income neighborhood may not be positioned to effect systems changes such as altering the priorities of grantmakers who support work in the community.

But, small and scrappy organizations may succeed in bringing about community change when their bulkier counterparts do not. Collaboration involves alliances among groups that share risks, resources, and responsibilities to achieve their common interests. For example, local community-based organizations interested in the well being of children can link with each other to create local programs e. Additionally, broader partnerships with grantmakers, government agencies, and business councils can affect the conditions in which change occurs at the community level. An example is altering grantmaking programs to support collaborative work or promoting child-friendly business policies through industrial revenue bonds or new corporate policies.

Collaborative partnerships help bring about community and system change when they link local people to resources and institutions at the multiple levels in which change should occur to address common interests. Consider the problem of gang violence that occurred after World War II and reoccurred in the s. Broad social conditions -- wide disparity of income, weak social ties, and related mistrust of others -- appear to affect the likelihood of societal problems such as increased death rates, infant mortality, and perhaps youth violence.

Improvements achieved in one era may need to be reestablished by future generations that must again transform the environmental conditions that support the reoccurrence of societal problems. The majority of community interventions do not match the scale of the problem. For example, a community effort may prepare 10 unemployed people to compete for only one available job, or may create jobs in a community with thousands of unemployed. We often make small changes in a context that remains unchanged. Significant improvements in community-level outcomes are highly unusual -- such as cases of reducing rates of adolescent pregnancy or academic failure by 50 percent or more.

Yet, in requests for grants, community-based organizations often promise and grantmakers expect statements of objectives that indicate significant improvements as a result of only modest investments over a short time. We should not perpetuate myths about what most interventions can actually accomplish. Development of community leadership may be a positive byproduct of even a "failed" community effort. Although an initiative may not produce statistically significant changes in community benchmarks or indicators, it may develop new leaders or build capacity to address new issues in the future.

For instance, a public health initiative that produces only modest reductions in rates of adolescent pregnancy may develop the capacity to produce changes that matter, such as four years later when the group switches its efforts from adolescent pregnancy to child well-being. Community documentation and evaluation must help us see what is actually achieved by community initiatives, including evidence of intermediate outcomes e. Optimal health and development for all people may be beyond the capacity of what communities can achieve, but not beyond what they should seek.

Most community-based efforts, such as those to create healthy environments for all our children, will fall short of their objectives. Yet, justice requires that we create conditions in which all people can make the most of their inherently unequal endowments. Support for community initiatives should be guided by what we must do for current and future generations, not by what limited gains we have made in the past.

The fundamental purpose of community organization -- to help discover and enable people's shared goals -- is informed by values, knowledge, and experience. This section outlined lessons learned from the experiences of an earlier generation of community organization practitioners each with an average of over 40 years of experience. The insights were organized under broad themes of community organization practice. Community organization often has a bottom-up or grassroots quality: people with relatively little power coming together at the local level to address issues that matter to them.

For example, grassroots efforts may involve planning by members of a neighborhood association, protests by a tenants' organization, or self-help efforts of low-income families to build local housing. Yet, community organization may also function as a top-down strategy, such as when elected or appointed officials -- or others in power -- join allies in advancing policies or resource allocations that serve their interests.

Bottom-up and top-down approaches to community organization may work in conflict, such as when appointed officials conspire to make voter registration of emerging minority groups more difficult. Top-down and bottom-up efforts may also work in concert, as when grassroots mobilization, such as letter writing or public demonstrations, help support policy changes advanced by cooperative elected or appointed officials working at broader levels. Community organization strategies may be used to serve -- or hinder -- the values and aims of particular interest groups. Consider the issue of abortion: those organizing under the pro-choice banner may use protest tactics to advance policies and practices that further individual freedom a woman's "right" to choose whether to have an abortion.

Alternatively, those working on the pro-life side may organize to seek changes consistent with the value of security and survival an unborn child's "right" to life. Depending on our values and interests, we may support or denounce the use of similar disruptive tactics by proponents or opponents of the issue. What is the relationship between personal values and qualities -- and the experiences and environments that shaped them -- and the work of community organization and change? Personal background, such as a basic spirituality or a history of discrimination associated with ethnic minority status, can predispose a practitioner to support particular values, such as social justice or equality, consistent with the work of community organization.

What qualities and behaviors of community organizers, such as respect for others and willingness to listen, help bring people together? Many of these attributes and behaviors -- including clarity of vision, capacity to support and encourage, and tolerance of ambiguity -- are similar to those of other leaders. How do we cultivate such natural leaders, and nurture and support their work in bringing people together? Further research may help clarify the relationship between personal qualities and behaviors, such as those of the "servant" or "servant leader ," the broader environment that nurtures or hinders them, and the outcomes of community organization efforts. Imagine a "living democracy" -- large numbers of people, in many different communities, engaged in dialogue about shared concerns and collective action toward improvement.

Perhaps these lessons -- inspired by reflections of an earlier generation of community organization practitioners -- can help us better understand and improve the essential work of democracy: people coming together to address issues that matter to them. Chapter 5: Theories in the "Introduction to Community Psychology" explains the role of theory in Community Psychology, the main foundational theories in the field, and how community psychologists use theory in their work. Chapter Community Organizing, Partnerships, and Coalitions in the "Introduction to Community Psychology" describes how and why communities organize, bottom-up and top-down approaches to community organizing, and the cycle of organizing.

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Journal of Community Psychology, 12, Morris, A.. The origins of the civil rights movement. Getting Out and Staying Out, Inc. Getting Out and Staying Out partners with people impacted by arrest and incarceration on a journey of education, employment and emotional wellbeing and collaborates with New York City communities to support a culture of nonviolence. Many participants are stymied in their educational goals due to prior experiences of neglect. In order to enroll in High School equivalency programs, they must demonstrate a 9th grade reading level on standardized tests. For formerly incarcerated young men, the median reading score equates to a 4th grade level. This grant supports an evidence-based Literacy Program, attentive to undiagnosed learning differences and incorporating wraparound supports.

This project, to promote organizing regarding forensics reform as part of police reform, will develop model legislation and regulations to address longstanding deficiencies and unfairness in use of forensic evidence by crime labs, police, and courts. The focus will be three core principles: 1 independence, 2 accuracy, and 3 oversight. Organizing toolkits will set out the problem, relevant terminology, and walk through organizing goals and possible solutions, to show what civil rights are at stake, how unreliable forensics can be, and what concrete steps can be taken to reform forensics.

UBI, Social Justice. EPIC, founded by former Stockton Mayor Michael Tubbs and formally launching in early , will serve as a hub that brings together local leaders, advocates, policymakers, funders, cultural influencers, and communities to end poverty in California. It will shape and advance narrative strategies and policy solutions that center the voices of low-income Californians and reflect the most critical and timely levers to tackling poverty.

The organization will also pilot innovative programs and strategies in partnership with local government and communities. Funding will support its launch in and implementation of policy priorities. It will house an eclectic mix of music, dance, film, and economic workforce programs, with a focus on serving neighborhood small- to mid-sized arts and culture organizations, especially BIPOC and women-led. This grant will increase the affordability of rent prices, provide subsidies for build-outs, and create a working fund for programming to make Minna Street a truly affordable long-term home for arts nonprofits and cultural entrepreneurs.

With the support of StartSmall ALIMA is operating a Rapid Response Mechanism aimed at technically reinforcing the teams of the ministries of health during the next waves of COVID; to increase the capacity to manage severe and critical cases of COVID; to guarantee the availability of oxygen and intensive care medicine; and to strengthen COVID diagnoses in the main reception and admission facilities for respiratory emergencies in areas with the highest virus transmission and associated mortality in 13 sub-Saharan African countries.

Afro Charities, Inc. As a nonprofit partner to the AFRO, we help care for their archives, and create meaningful opportunities for our community to engage with this indispensable resource. Girls With Impact. Girls With Impact filled a key gap during Covid — with proven, online education — and now this funding will advance its mission to scale and train , young women. The program has served women in all 50 states and 11 countries. Mandy's Farm. Through Mandy's Farm programs, individuals with a wide range of disabilities are able to gain access to lifelong educational opportunities, vocational training, therapeutic activities, equitable employment, transition services, and supportive housing.

Unlimited Potential. Unlimited Potential improves the quality of life in the inner cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore through teaching arts, entrepreneurship and financial literacy. Unlimited Potential provides mentoring to at-risk youth to improve high school graduation rates and lifetime earnings. DrawTogether is a first-of-its-kind art making show that uses drawing to empower social emotional learning for kids across the globe, and partners with schools and organizations to provide resources for connected creativity. Hosted by illustrator Wendy MacNaughton, the screen comes alive, supporting kids to build skills and mindsets they need to thrive, and providing educators and parents with tools to spark imagination and inspire learning.

AfricAid, Inc. AfricAid works to improve the standing of women in society through robust, locally-led mentorship initiatives that cultivate confidence, improve academic and health outcomes, and promote socially-responsible leadership skills. In close partnership with our locally-led sister organization, we support mentorship opportunities that help secondary school girls in Tanzania complete their education, develop into confident leaders, and transform their own lives and their communities.

Girls who participate in these mentoring programs are more likely to graduate, seek higher education, outperform peers on standardized tests, and have the confidence, resilience, and leadership abilities to reach their goals in school, and in life. Council on Criminal Justice. The Council on Criminal Justice works to advance understanding of the criminal justice policy choices facing the nation and build consensus for solutions that enhance safety and justice for all. Independent and nonpartisan, we are an invitational membership organization and think tank, serving as a center of gravity and incubator of policy and leadership for the criminal justice field.

Accountability Counsel. Accountability Counsel amplifies the voices of communities around the world to protect their human rights and environment. As advocates for people harmed by internationally financed projects, Accountability Counsel employs community driven and policy level strategies to access justice. Accountability Counsel focuses on a high-leverage point of influence — the accountability offices tied to international investments — to support communities in using their own power to demand justice on equal footing with corporations and institutions. Civic Eagle. Civic Eagle believes every person has a right to transparency: the ability to see the workings of power around us such that we can lend our voices and shape how power is exercised.

This grant will help Civic Eagle create that transparency — scalable NLP generated insights into legislation impacting menstrual equity, voter protection, and justice; and data-backed digital content to provide every person a clear understanding of the workings of power in and around our communities. Black Girl Film School Company. Black Girl Film School is a collection of media experts and below the line crew all with one common goal of increasing the number of Black women working in the industry behind the camera. Upsolve empowers low-income and working-class families to access their civil legal rights and overcome financial distress at scale, using technology, education, and community.

Empower Work. Empower Work is on a mission to create healthy, equitable workplaces where people are supported, valued, and empowered. Empower Work helps underserved workers thrive ensuring they have the support, information, and resources to navigate complex work challenges - via technology. With support from StartSmall, Empower Work is expanding key resources and improving tech infrastructure along with expanded marketing and outreach to change the lives of 50, historically marginalized workers.

Think of Us. Their ultimate goal is to integrate Lived Experience at every level, ensuring everyone touched by the system has the conditions they need to Heal, Develop and Thrive. Artistic Noise. Artistic Noise brings the power of artistic practice to youth who are system-involved and others throughout the community. Their Harlem based Art and Entrepreneurship Program provides youth with the opportunity to learn artistic techniques in different media, study contemporary artists working with issues of social justice, and produce an independent body of work throughout the year. Youth Represent, Inc. Youth Represent is dedicated to improving the lives and futures of young people affected by the criminal justice system.

A conviction, an arrest, or even a simple interaction with police can have lasting consequences for young people, threatening the stability they need to thrive. When our justice system creates barriers to success for youth, we use the law—either through direct services of policy reform—to help them leave the stigma of a criminal record behind. This grant will be used to improve the lives and futures of young people by providing legal and social support for youth, 24 and under, after involvement in the criminal legal system.

Youth INC. WriteGirl, a project of Community Partners. WriteGirl will be building on its 20 years of successfully presenting creative writing and mentoring programming for teens in the greater Los Angeles area by launching a national program: WriteGirl National. This national program allows us to offer WriteGirl creative writing and mentoring programs to underserved teen girls throughout the U. Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Centering artists as essential to social and cultural movement, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts YBCA is reimagining the role an arts institution can play in the community it serves. Funding will support artists living and working in the City of San Francisco during the ongoing COVID pandemic, YBCA is serving as the implementer for the first-ever Guaranteed Income Pilot for artists—a critical step towards building a sustainable economic floor for the artists in our communities and for gaining an understanding of new models for achieving economic security for all.

Worth Rises. Worth Rises is an advocacy organization dedicated to dismantling the prison industry and ending the exploitation of those it touches, namely Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities. The organization works to expose the commercialization of the criminal legal system, advocates to protect and return the economic resources extracted from affected communities, and organizes to remove the power of the prison industry. Through its work, Worth Rises strives to pave a road toward a safe and just world free of police and prisons.

Aim High for Hgh School. Grounded in a welcoming community where every kid feels seen and supported, Aim High gives students the confidence to succeed in high school and beyond. CARE is a leading humanitarian organization fighting global poverty. Funds will be used to supplement government efforts by setting up temporary COVID care centers; providing oxygen, PPE kits, and other critically needed emergency supplies for frontline health workers; and addressing vaccine hesitancy and helping ensure that people get vaccinated, particularly in remote, marginalized communities in India. Sewa International, Inc. USA is a Hindu faith-based, humanitarian, nonprofit service organization. Association for India's Development.

Association for India's Development AID is a volunteer movement promoting sustainable, equitable, and just development. AID partners with grassroots organizations in India on interconnected areas of education, health, agriculture, livelihoods, environment, and human rights. This grant will help under-resourced communities identify COVID symptoms, prevent spread, access care and treatment, benefit from medical equipment including oxygen, oximeters, thermometers, protective gear and vaccination, survive lockdowns, regain livelihoods and will strengthen hospitals and NGOs that serve rural and low-income communities.

Chinati Foundation. Funding will support job development and skill training programs at Chinati, benefiting young women of color through the following initiatives: internships, adobe restoration, and grasslands restoration. Voz das Comunidades. Funding will provide food, water, and basic supplies masks, hand sanitizer, etc. Funding will also support disseminating reliable information about Covid to communities throughout Rio. Create CA. Create CA advocates for high quality arts education for all students by providing policy expertise and by mobilizing a statewide network of advocates and allied partners. We recognize that within the current public education system there is inequitable access to the arts and creativity.

Particularly, girls and BIPOC students experience significant barriers to access, participation and success in arts learning that are directly linked to pervasive gender and racial inequities in our educational system. We believe every student has a right to a well-rounded education that includes the arts and the benefits they bring. Our commitment is to work to address root causes of inequities, including elimination of policies, practices, attitudes, and cultural messages that allow detrimental outcomes to persist. Malala Fund. With StartSmall's investment, Malala Fund will support at least 20 Education Champion-led initiatives that empower girls and keep them learning during COVID, advocate for global policy change that prioritizes girls' education and train the next generation of girl activists.

Clara Lionel Foundation. Asian Pacific Islander Cultural Center. Chinese Progressive Association. Founded in , the Chinese Progressive Association educates, organizes and empowers the low income and working class immigrant Chinese community in San Francisco to build collective power with other oppressed communities to demand better living and working conditions and justice for all people. Funding from Start Small will support CPA in building the collective power of low-income and working class immigrant Chinese community in San Francisco to demand better living and working conditions and justice for all people.

Asian Australian Alliance. The grant will help the network develop other programs such as scholarships, mentoring and advocacy skill-based training and assist with our continual research on Asian Australian and social justice-based issues. AACRE connects communities, ideas, and action to inspire a collective movement for positive change. For groups in the AACRE network, AACRE offers fiscal sponsorship, financial management, access to meeting space, and other administrative, human resources, technology, organizational development, strategic planning, and fundraising support. In addition, AACRE encourages learning, collaboration, and resource-sharing across the network and amplifies the ideas and work of these groups.

Stop AAPI Hate, a partnership of Chinese for Affirmative Action, A3PCON Asian Pacific Policy and Planning Council and the Asian American Studies Department, San Francisco State University, is committed to: documenting first-hand accounts of discriminatory incidents; providing multilingual resources to community members; offering assistance to AAPI individuals and organizations experiencing hate; informing and educating state and local officials about policies and programs that address racial discrimination; and supporting community based solutions that increase our capacity to address community safety and justice issues over the long term.

Send Chinatown Love. Send Chinatown Love is a New York based, entirely volunteer run organization, whose goal is to provide relief to small, immigrant owned. Chinatown businesses impacted by the effects of Covid National Council of Asian Pacific Americans. Based in Washington, D. Chinese for Affirmative Action. Chinese for Affirmative Action CAA was founded in to protect the civil and political rights of Chinese Americans and to advance multiracial democracy in the United States. We advocate for systemic change that protects immigrant rights, promotes language diversity, and remedies racial injustice. Programs encompass community building, coalition building, research and analysis, and policy work to advance systemic and cultural change.

Serving more than 15, individuals and organizations every year through direct legal services, impact litigation, policy advocacy, and organizational capacity building, Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Los Angeles focuses on the most vulnerable community members while building a strong voice for civil rights and social justice. Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Chicago. Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Chicago builds power through collective advocacy and organizing to achieve racial equity.

To combat the current rise in anti-Asian harassment and discrimination and continue to proactively prepare for the future increase of hate incidents, Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Chicago has implemented an aggressive scaling up of locally-led bystander hate incident intervention trainings for community members, in partnership with Hollaback!. Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Atlanta. Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Atlanta is the first and only legal advocacy nonprofit dedicated to protecting and promoting the rights of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders in Georgia and the Southeast.

Together with our allies in Georgia and the country, we work to provide for and protect our communities. For the long term, we will continue to fight white supremacy in our communities, our city, our courts, and our legislative bodies. The nation's first civil rights and legal nonprofit serving the Asian American and Pacific Islander community, Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Asian Law Caucus is committed to increasing the power of low-income immigrant communities to help advance economic and racial justice in our democracy.

These funds will help support underserved communities impacted by the COVID pandemic and address anti-Asian, xenophobic hate that has increased due to COVID with a focus on policy and community-centered solutions and solidarity with other communities. Asian Americans have been part of the American story since its earliest days, and are now the U. Our mission is to advance civil and human rights for Asian Americans and to build and promote a fair and equitable society for all. Through organizing in the Bay Area, APIENC inspires and trains grassroots leaders, transforms our values from scarcity to abundance, and partners with organizations to sustain a vibrant movement ecosystem.

APIENC's work is rooted in the many legacies of queer and trans API people who have fought isolation, battled for our rights, and created communities of care. Together, we learn and practice organizing skills, unlearn ancestral and collective traumas, and relearn values of abundance and interdependence. We do this work through our educational movement building seminars, healing justice workshops, mutual aid projects, community-accountability programs, and ImReady annual conferences. We do this work in solidarity with Black, Indigenous and other communities of color. Funds will support public education, grassroots organizing, leadership development, and policy advocacy in support of a response to the March 16 shootings in Atlanta that centers the needs of Asian American women and elders.

Funds will also support our long-term investment in the AAPI women leaders of tomorrow, building a base of leaders to organize on a grassroots level for policy change in support of gender and reproductive justice for AAPIs. Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco. The timely and immediate interventions will integrate arts in combating anti-Asian hate, building solidarity with Black Lives Matter, and seeding long-term cross-sector community partnerships to build a just and equitable future. London Chinese Community Centre. These funds will help us to make it through the COVID crisis and continue our good work in helping the local Chinese community, we will also be able to direct more effort to the opposition of racism and hate crime, helping those in need as well as further promoting our Chinese culture and values we hold.

We are dedicated to providing a safe space to inspire individuals to be their best selves, for others to celebrate our diversity, and for all of us to continue the fight for equality. The grant will allow us to generate sustainable growth in our membership, enhance existing and new programming, and experiment with new services benefiting our community. Compassion in Oakland. Community Youth Center of San Francisco. Community Youth Center of San Francisco CYC provides the culturally diverse youth of our community a shared sense of belonging, fuel for their curiosities, and a voice in their futures. Through our organizing model of base-building, leadership development, campaigns, alliances, and organizational development- we organize Asian communities to fight for institutional change and participates in a broader movement towards racial, gender, and economic justice.

Chinatown Community Development Center. The mission of the Chinatown Community Development Center is to build community and enhance the quality of life for San Francisco residents. We are a place-based community development organization serving primarily the Chinatown neighborhood, and also serve other areas including North Beach and the Tenderloin. Apex for Youth. Apex for Youth delivers possibilities to underserved Asian and immigrant youth from low-income families in New York City. Our programs focus on supporting social-emotional and educational development for young people in grades K through our afterschool programs, one-to-one mentoring programs, elementary tutoring programs, high school and college admissions workshops, mental health support services, and athletic programs.

In response to the alarming spike in anti-Asian violence and hate in early , it developed the movementhub. The site provides users with a curated directory of resources, data snapshots and demographic profiles of AAPIs, and a story and policy protection map. Mission Neighborhood Centers, Inc. Mission Neighborhood Centers MNC , founded in San Francisco over 60 years ago, is a community-based organization serving over 3, low-income seniors, youth and families with young children at 11 sites throughout San Francisco.

MNC has been providing critical food access and emergency funds which include rent, healthcare expenses, utilities, etc. MNC is a lifeline to the populations most deeply impacted by the health and economic implications of this pandemic. The Cash Lab's mission is to build an evidence base regarding cash transfer policies such as a Universal Basic Income. The Cash Lab answers the fundamental questions of how a Universal Basic Income policy would transform American families, communities and economies. Futures Without Violence. For 40 years, Futures Without Violence has pioneered groundbreaking, highly effective strategies to prevent gender-based violence and child trauma, heal survivors, and support families and communities.

The COVID pandemic has increased the urgency of this critical work, putting many more women and children at risk for violence, denying them access to potentially life-saving supports, and exacerbating punishing inequities that put low-income communities of color in particular jeopardy. We are working around-the-clock to support frontline responders and strengthen systems that provide critical and life changing assistance for COVID related domestic violence response. Equality California Institute. Our Katahdin.

Our Katahdin, through Mobilize Katahdin, will provide direct COVID relief efforts to meet the needs of our most at-risk individuals, service providers and small businesses of the eight communities and Wabanaki organizations in the Katahdin region of Northern Maine. Voto Latino Foundation. Similar impact is faced in the AAPI community where nearly 1. Asante Africa Foundation, Inc. Asante Africa educates and empowers the next generation of change agents whose dreams and actions transform Africa and the world. Through this grant, over 20, young women will academically excel, confidently address their life challenges, thrive in the global economy, and catalyze positive change cross the countries of Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya.

The Bros in Convo Initiative. The Bros in Convo Initiative is a Black Queer lead organization in Orlando, Florida providing comprehensive health education, STI linkage, and peer support to Black gay, bisexual, queer, and same gender loving men ages Funds will also in part support weekly access to fresh produce bags from local Black-owned farms and Community Supported Agriculture programs. Funds will support the expansion of the WISER Girls Secondary School to larger and younger populations and the rapid growth of community programs targeting health crises and vulnerable populations.

Women's Global Education Project. This funding will enable WGEP to scale its services to reach more girls and to deepen our services in response to the challenges created by the COVID pandemic, including food insecurity, gender-based violence, and illiteracy. Advancing Girls' Education in Africa. Public Health Solutions. For over 60 years, Public Health Solutions PHS has supported vulnerable New York City families in achieving optimal health and building pathways to reach their potential. Since outbreak of COVID, PHS has provided emergency food, scalable technology-based outreach, a coordinated network of social and clinical providers, and home-based telehealth and resource navigation to individuals and families most in need.

This funding will help us continue to support under resourced communities across the five boroughs of New York City through these initiatives. National Domestic Workers Alliance. Love Never Fails. Love Never Fails empowers all people to express and experience their best sense of humanity. They do this by restoring, educating and protecting survivors of human trafficking and their community. Funding will provide safe housing and art classes to trafficked girls, ages Amalgamated Charitable Foundation. The Families and Workers Fund is a collaborative philanthropic effort designed to support and empower workers, families, and communities devastated by the health and economic crises caused by COVID Good Apple.

Good Apple is a health system-integrated grocery delivery company fighting food insecurity and waste. During COVID, Good Apple launched "Stay Home, Stay Healthy", delivering fresh, nutritious food directly to the doorsteps of older adults and people with weak immune systems, free of charge, while employing delivery drivers who lost jobs amid the pandemic. Bread of Life, Inc. Through a partnership with BeyGood, the funds will be used to help support families in Texas who have been impacted by the winter storm. For 29 years, Bread of Life, Inc. Mercy Beyond Borders. Funding will provide emergency cash aid to South Sudanese females living either in South Sudan or in refugee camps of neighboring countries. They include hundreds of women-headed families in refugee camps, hundreds of young women studying in high schools and universities on Mercy Beyond Borders MBB scholarships who have been adversely affected by school closures, and dozens of refugee women for whom MBB will provide basic business training and micro-enterprise loans.

The UnidosUS EHF provides ongoing education, research, tools, capacity-building and training, and emergency assistance grants to support short-term emergency response efforts and sustain longer-term programmatic initiatives that have shifted to virtual or semi-virtual delivery and evolved as the pandemic persists. Black Market KY. Black Market KY is a sustainable Black owned grocery store in Louisville's West End where residents are struggling in a food apartheid. This health food store offers affordable fresh food and community resources for marginalized folks. The ultimate goal is to ensure a living wage without raising the cost for customers.

Kristi Yamaguchi's Always Dream. They believe that providing children with high-quality books will help foster a love of reading and their program will teach and empower families to employ the practice of consistently reading together. It is their goal that every child achieves the potential to reach for their dreams. Global Response Management Inc. Global Response Management Inc is a veteran-led organization committed to providing emergency medical care in areas of the world affected by war, conflict, and disaster.

As an organization dedicated to advancing the cause of equitable healthcare for all, they are working directly with refugee and displaced populations in Iraq, Syria, Mexico and Guatemala and will use funding to continue their COVID efforts globally. Pivotal helps young people in and from foster care get the education and career they need to create the life they want for themselves.

Funds will ensure the most vulnerable youth served by Pivotal will receive the help they need to get through the COVID crisis. Oxfam America. Funds will be used to support critical, life-saving interventions by local partners with a focus on providing immediate food assistance and promoting livelihood support and recovery. First Descents. Healthcare workers caring for patients with COVID are experiencing significant trauma with the risk of ongoing psychosocial distress. In response, First Descents is offering adventure-based trauma support programs for healthcare workers on the frontlines of the pandemic.

Aptly titled HERO RECHARGE, these trauma-informed programs are designed to improve psychosocial health, nurture supportive peer relationships, process grief and loss, and better position healthcare workers to carry out their important work. Dedicated Believers Ministries. To support The H. Networks for Emergencies and Relief, Inc. NEAR serves the most vulnerable in our communities as well as the frontlines that serve them. NEAR focuses on saving lives in times of emergencies. They mobilize their networks to identify unmet need, gain access to resources, and generate funding. R3F will focus on key priority areas including food and essential supplies, economic recovery and security, housing and homelessness, health and healing, education and learning, and social and legal services.

With this funding R3F will continue to respond to the immediate needs of Richmond, California residents including cash disbursements and rental assistance. They will simultaneously develop a long-term recovery plan with a focus on guaranteed income, housing, and education through the lens of equity. Emergent Works. Support for the training and acquisition of COVID-proof skills and jobs for formerly incarcerated software developers.

Funds will be used to offer full-time employment to trainees and to hire mentors to support them on software projects for clients. Cheyenne River Youth Project, Inc. The Coaching Fellowship. The Coaching Fellowship TCFS enables young women leaders in social impact to build the new world by providing access to executive-level coaching, leadership development, and a community network. When the pandemic hit, TCFS responded by creating a coaching program to build the professional and personal capacity of women impact leaders supporting the front line.

Now, as it is more clear than ever that women will disproportionately fall behind professionally as a result of the impacts of COVID, this funding will help enable TCFS to expand their support for women leaders in social impact as the pandemic continues, and throughout recovery. To support in its efforts to empower people with sustainable access to water and sanitation across Africa, where M people live without access to safely managed water supply. With a particular focus on enhancing opportunity for women and children, this funding will be used to promote resilience to illness and disease including COVID, among those living in poverty.

By making water and a toilet at a home a realty for those without, this funding will help improve health, enhance family income, empower women, and increase access to education. The Fairness Project. The Fairness Project was founded in to incubate, run, and win social and economic justice ballot initiatives when politicians fail to act. Their unique theory of change addresses long standing racial, gender, and economic disparities for millions of Americans who have been left behind.

They have won 20 of their first 21 campaigns, delivering wage increases, health care, and paid leave to 17 million people. MuckRock Foundation, Inc. Funds will support and help expand MuckRock's police transparency and accountability efforts as well as fund improvements to scale the public records filing tool. Hosting a repository of 90k records requests and over million pages of primary source materials, MuckRock partners with newsrooms, researchers, and advocacy groups to open up and understand government at all levels in a uniquely accessible way.

Humanity Forward. Humanity Forward is a national advocacy organization pushing for solutions to the biggest problems of the 21st Century.

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